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Illustrated by a wide range of case studies from planning contexts, this book examines culture as a socio-historically situated concept, introducing a line of scholarship, both established and recent, to show what 'culture' does and why. It addresses the materialisation of abstract concepts, performance and embodiment, and social categorisation and, in doing so, it shows how a deeper understanding of culture can offer new insights into the challenges that planners and planning theorists face.

Sociology of culture --- Culture --- Social planning --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Cultural sociology --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Social aspects

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This paper develops a cost-benefit approach that helps to quantify the optimal level of international reserves in low-income countries, focusing on the role of reserves in preventing and mitigating absorption drops triggered by large external shocks. The approach is applied to a sample of 49 LICs over the period 1980-2008 to yield estimates of the likelihood and severity of a crisis. The calibration results suggest that the standard metric of three months of imports is inadequate for countries with fixed exchange rate regimes. The results also highlight the role of overall policy frameworks and availability of Fund-support in determining optimal reserve levels, raising questions about the uniform applicability of standard rules of thumb across countries.

Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Trade: General --- Financial Crises --- Monetary Policy --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Banking --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Conventional peg --- Exchange rate flexibility --- Imports --- Financial crises --- International trade --- Reserve positions --- Central banks --- Foreign exchange reserves --- United States

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Jaarlijks worden miljarden aan overheidsgeld uitgegeven om de armsten in de wereld te helpen. Dagelijks proberen duizenden liefdadigheidsinstellingen en ngo's de meest hulpbehoevenden een beter bestaan te geven. Helaas is veel armoedebestrijding gebaseerd op veronderstellingen en niet op diepgaand onderzoek.In 'Arm en kansrijk' laten de twee vooraanstaande economen Ahbiji Banerjee en Esther Duflo zien dat heel veel ontwikkelingswerk in de afgelopen tientallen jaren heeft gefaald. Op basis van hun kennis, ervaring en onderzoekswerk in onder meer Chili, India, Kenia en Indonesië hebben de auteurs nieuwe aspecten blootgelegd in het gedrag van arme mensen, in hun behoeftes en in de manier waarop (financiële) hulp hun leven beïnvloedt. Deze fundamentele nieuwe inzichten zullen kunnen bijdragen aan het ontwikkelen van betere strategieën en kunnen de aanzet vormen tot een effectievere mondiale armoedebestrijding

307.3 --- ontwikkelingshulp --- armoede (gez) --- 339.96 --- 339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- BPB1202 --- Aide au développement --- Plan de développement --- 341.232 --- Ontwikkelingshulp --- Ontwikkelingsplan --- #SBIB:327.4H10 --- Pauvreté --- armoede --- Armoede --- Ontwikkelingssamenwerking/ ontwikkelingsbeleid (derde wereldproblematiek,noord-zuid-verhouding) --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- C5 --- Ontwikkelingsproblematiek: algemeen --- Sociologie van de welvaart --- 327 --- Maatschappelijke organisaties en maatschappelijk leven --- #gsdb5 --- Social policy --- Social problems --- ontwikkelingslanden --- armoedebestrijding --- Developing countries --- Armoedebeleid --- Kansarmoede --- Ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- ontwikkelingsplan --- utvecklingsplan --- razvojni plan --- plan de dezvoltare --- fejlesztési terv --- plan zhvillimi --- Entwicklungsplan --- development plan --- αναπτυξιακό πρόγραμμα --- arengukava --- pjan ta' żvilupp --- план за развој --- udviklingsplan --- plano de desenvolvimento --- plėtros planas --- attīstības plāns --- план развоја --- razvojni načrt --- план за развитие --- plan de desarrollo --- plán rozvoje --- piano di sviluppo --- plán rozvoja --- plan rozwoju --- kehittämissuunnitelma --- planification du développement --- programma di sviluppo --- αναπτυξιακό σχέδιο --- arenguprogramm --- planificarea dezvoltării --- attīstības plānošana --- projekt për zhvillim --- развоен проект --- ontwikkelingsproject --- развоен концепт --- rozvojové plánování --- program për zhvillim --- plėtros programa --- razvojni program --- proyecto de desarrollo --- програма за развој --- arenguprojekt --- развоен план --- programa de desenvolvimento --- sviluppo programmato --- Entwicklungsplanung --- udviklingsprogram --- utvecklingsprogram --- programmazione dello sviluppo --- projeto de desenvolvimento --- program rozvoje --- udviklingsprojekt --- насоки за развој --- azione di sviluppo --- projet de développement --- fejlesztési projekt --- kehityssuunnitelman laatiminen --- plánovanie rozvoja --- attīstības projekts --- plėtros planavimas --- development project --- планирање развој --- plėtros projektas --- planificación del desarrollo --- razvojni projekt --- kehitysohjelma --- planning van de ontwikkeling --- proiect de dezvoltare --- programme de développement --- utvecklingsplanering --- program de dezvoltare --- rozvojový projekt --- progetto di sviluppo --- utvecklingsprojekt --- Entwicklungsvorhaben --- development programme --- udviklingsplanlægning --- πρόγραμμα ανάπτυξης --- program rozvoja --- fejlesztési program --- planeamento do desenvolvimento --- koncepce rozvoje --- pianificazione dello sviluppo --- αναπτυξιακός προγραμματισμός --- kehityshanke --- směrnice rozvoje --- development planning --- programa de desarrollo --- planifikim zhvillimi --- rozvojový program --- ontwikkelingsprogramma --- Entwicklungsprogramm --- arengu kavandamine --- attīstības programma --- ayuda al desarrollo --- arenguabi --- помоћ за развој --- pomoć u razvoju --- Entwicklungshilfe --- fejlesztési segély --- помощ за развитие --- cabhair um fhorbairt --- utvecklingsbistånd --- udviklingsbistand --- palīdzība attīstības jomā --- αναπτυξιακή βοήθεια --- fonduri pentru dezvoltare --- kehitysapu --- rozvojová pomoc --- razvojna pomoč --- parama vystymuisi --- għajnuna għall-iżvilupp --- ndihma për zhvillim --- помош за развој --- pomoc rozwojowa --- ajuda ao desenvolvimento --- aiuto allo sviluppo --- development aid --- assistenza allo sviluppo --- fonduri pentru țările în curs de dezvoltare --- gezamenlijke ontwikkeling --- plėtros pagalba --- ndihmë për vendet në zhvillim --- pomoc třetím zemím --- aiuto ai paesi in via di sviluppo --- aiuto ai PVS --- bashkëzhvillim --- steun aan ontwikkelingslanden --- desarrollo mutuo --- aide aux PVD --- gemeinsame Entwicklung --- pomoć zemljama u razvoju --- asistencia al desarrollo --- desarrollo conjunto --- közös fejlődés --- pomoc rozvojovým krajinám --- ajuda aos PVD --- cooperação para o desenvolvimento --- fejlődő országoknak nyújtott segély --- aid to developing countries --- ühine areng --- από κοινού ανάπτυξη --- kehitysmaille tarkoitettu tuki --- κοινή ανάπτυξη --- støtte til udviklingslande --- asistență pentru dezvoltare --- помош за поттикнување и поддршка на развојот --- cooperación al desarrollo --- kopēja attīstība --- u-hjälp --- arengumaadele antav abi --- gemensam utveckling --- codesarrollo --- ulandshjælp --- codéveloppement --- bendrai vykdoma plėtra --- bistand til udviklingslande --- βοήθεια στις αναπτυσσόμενες χώρες --- fælles udvikling --- co-development --- palīdzība attīstībai --- palīdzība attīstības valstīm --- pagalba besivystančioms šalims --- αναπτυξιακή συνεργασία --- pomoc rozvojovým zemím --- yhteiskehitys --- bistånd till utvecklingsländer --- povertà --- chudoba --- faqar --- siromaštvo --- ένδεια --- pobreza --- revščina --- vaesus --- fattigdom --- köyhyys --- Armut --- бедност --- nabadzība --- poverty --- сиромаштија --- ubóstwo --- skurdas --- сиромаштво --- szegénység --- varfëri --- sărăcie --- fattig --- nouze --- ενδεής --- ekonomiskt svag --- i dobët ekonomikisht --- economie slabă --- indigente --- lufta kundër varfërisë --- szegény --- ekonomicky slabé obyvatelstvo --- uusköyhät --- lidé s nízkými příjmy --- беда --- Einkommensschwacher --- немаштија --- szegénység elleni küzdelem --- săraci --- cīņa ar nabadzību --- nuevo pobre --- καταπολέμηση της φτώχειας --- οικονομικά ασθενής --- ekonomska slabost --- økonomisk svagt stillet --- ekonomiski vājš --- boj proti chudobe --- i varfër --- pauvre --- schudobnelý --- pauperism --- nouveau pauvre --- lucha contra la pobreza --- mendigo --- debilidade económica --- sociálně slabí občané --- fight against poverty --- poor --- лица со ниски примања --- menesteroso --- new poor --- neopovero --- bekæmpelse af fattigdom --- борба против сиромаштија --- wirtschaftlich Schwacher --- pauperismo --- võitlus vaesusega --- neue Armut --- povero --- majanduslikult nõrk --- економска слабост --- i varfër i ri --- oskudica --- neturtingieji --- ekonomiškai silpnas --- boj proti bídě --- nieuwe arme --- fattigdomsbekämpning --- nyfattig --- medellös --- economically weak --- lupta împotriva sărăciei --- vähävarainen --- πενία --- chudobný --- uusvaene --- Bekämpfung der Armut --- νεόπτωχος --- zproletarizované skupiny --- ubemidlet --- pobre --- bijeda --- zchudnutí --- lutte contre la pauvreté --- naujieji skurdžiai --- luta contra a pobreza --- neimaština --- φτώχεια --- bída --- köyhyyden torjuminen --- ekonomicky slabý --- meno abbiente --- borba protiv siromaštva --- économiquement faible --- φτωχός --- bestrijding van de armoede --- novo pobre --- lotta all'indigenza --- Armer --- köyhä --- economisch zwak --- kova su skurdu --- άπορος --- gazdaságilag gyenge --- vaene --- arm --- indigent --- bochtaineacht --- plean forbartha --- Plan de développement --- Pauvreté --- Aide au développement