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Panax ginseng is the Latin name of ginseng It belongs to the Araliaceae family and comes form the Far East where it is seen as a youth root. Ginseng is a perennial plant with oval and palmate leaves and a light yellow voluminous root that can be more or less branched out. It is to this root that multiple healing properties have been attributed. An adaptive plant, ginseng has been recognized as an intellectual stimulant, primarily during periods of general fatigue and of intense intellectual activity. Given the diversity of its components, its action mechanism is not yet known. Other effects of this plant such as an improvement of physical performance, a hypoglycaemia effect and an improvement of life quality are still clinically researched in order to achieve a higher therapeutic potential. So far, these clinical trials have not been conclusive and have suffered from methodological weaknesses. New, broader clinical studies of higher quality are thus necessary to draw conclusions about these effects. Yet, this drug also has side effects, contraindications, and interactions with some food and other drugs Le Panax ginseng est le nom latin du ginseng. Il fait partie de la famille des Araliacées et est originaire d’Extrême-Orient où il est considéré comme une véritable racine de jouvence. Le ginseng est une plante vivace, aux feuilles ovales et dentelées, avec une racine volumineuse plus ou moins ramifiée et de couleur jaune clair. C’et à cette racine que l’on attribue de multiples vertus. Le ginseng est considéré comme une plante adaptogène, son usage comme stimulant intellectuel, principalement durant les périodes de fatigue générale et les périodes d’activités intellectuelles intenses, a été reconnu. Etant donné la diversité de ses constituants, son mécanisme d’action reste inconnu à ce jour. D’autres effets de cette plante, comme une amélioration des performances physiques, une activité hypoglycémiante, une amélioration de la qualité de vie … font encore l’objet de recherches et d’études cliniques, en vue d’aboutir à un potentiel thérapeutique plus important. Jusqu’à présent, ces essais cliniques ne sont pas concluants et souffrent de faiblesses méthodologiques. D’autres études cliniques de plus grande qualité et de pus grande envergure sont donc attendues pour conclure sur ces différents effets. Cependant, cette drogue a aussi des effets secondaires, des contre-indications et des interactions alimentaires ou médicamenteuses
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Le cancer colorectal représente une pathologie importante sur le plan épidémiologique.Ces dernières années, les améliorations en terme de chirurgie et l'application d'approches combinées dans le combat ce cancer ont considérablement réduit le taux de récidives locales et permis d 'améliorer la survie. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à définir les facteurs qui influencent la morbidité et la mortalité après chirurgie pour cancer du rectum, le taux de récidives locales ainsi que la survie. De plus, une recherche des facteurs qui influencent potentiellement la réponse à la radiochimiothérapie a été réalisée.Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective sur 5 ans (01101/1998 - 31/ 12/2002) des patients opérés pour cancer du rectum dans l 'unité de chirurgie colorectale, aux Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc. Les données cliniques, pré-, per- et postopératoires , anatomo pathologiques et le suivi oncologique ont été colligées et analysées. Résultats : L'étude comprend un total de 188 patients (102 hommes, 86 femmes). L'âge moyen de la population étudiée est de 65 ans. La majorité des patients (49%) présentent une comorbidité modérée de type ASA 2. La durée médiane du suivi réalisé est de 74 mois {< l - 159). Au terme du suivi, on dénombre 74 décès (39%), dont 49 sont directement liés au cancer (66%). Parmi des facteurs influençant la mortalité : la perte pondérale, le stade TNM, la présence de perméations ou de nodules métastatiques sont relevés. Le taux de récidives observé est de 6,3 %.Cinq variables présentent un impact significatif sur le taux de récidives locales : la voie d'abord (p=0,047), le type d'anastomose réalisée (p=0,034), le nombre de ganglions nvahis (p=0,007), le stade pN ganglionnaire (p=0,049) et celui qui est de loin le plus important : la résection en marges saines (p < 0,0001). En cas de RCT préopératoire, une réponse est observée chez 37,5% des patients et elle est complète dans 17,5% des cas. Nous n'avons pas pu mettre en évidence de paramètre qui influence la réponse à la RCT néoadjuvante.Conclusion : Dans le futur, nous espérons élargir notre analyse à un groupe plus important de patients afin d'une part de confirmer les résultats obtenus et d'autre part de mettre en évidence les paramètres susceptibles d'influencer la réponse à la RCT préopératoire . Colorectal cancer is a rather frequent condition. Over the last years, surgical improvements and multimodal treatment approaches allowed considerable reduction of local recurrences rate and improved the survival. In this study, we tried to define the factors influencing morbidity and mortality after surgery for rectal cancer, as well as the rate of local recurrences and survival. Furthermore, factors which potentially influence response rate to preoperative radiochemotherapy was analyzed.Méthods : We retrospectively reviewed patients operated for rectal cancer in our colorectal surgery unit over 5 years (01/01/1998 - 31/12/2002). The clinical pre-, per- and post operative, as well as pathological data and the oncology follow-up were collected and analyzed. Results :The study includes 188 patients ( 102 men, 86 women). The average age is 65 years. The majority of the patients (49 %) carry a moderate comorbidity(ASA II). Median follow-up is reached 74 months (< 1 - 159). There were 74 deaths (39 %), amongst whom 49 were directly related to the cancer (66 %). On multivariate analysis, factors influencing the mortality were weight loss, TNM stage, presence of vascular perméations or metastatic nodules. The observed recurrence rate is 6,3 %. Five variables have a significant impact on the local recurrence rate: type of surgical approach (p=0,047), the type of anastomosis (p==0,034), the number of involved nodes (p==0,007), the nodal stage pN (p=0,049) and the most important, the radicality of the resection (p < 0,001). In case of preoperative RCT, 37,5% of the patients had at least partial response; complete response rate was 17,5 %. We were not able to find any parameter influencing tumoral response to preoperative RCT. Conclusion : In the future, we hope to widen our analysis to a more important group of patients to confirm the obtained results and to bring parameters to light that could influence the response to the preoperative RCT.
Colorectal Neoplasms --- Clinical Trials as Topic --- Preoperative Care --- Radiochemistry
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"With examples based on the authors' 30 years of real-world experience in many areas of clinical drug development, this book provides a thorough presentation of clinical trial methodology. It presents detailed step-by-step illustrations on the implementation of the open-source software R. Case studies demonstrate how to select the appropriate clinical trial data. The authors introduce the corresponding biostatistical analysis methods, followed by the step-by-step data analysis using R. They also offer the R program for download, along with other essential data, on their website"--Provided by publisher.
Clinical trials --- R (Computer program language) --- Clinical Trials as Topic --- Software --- Statistics as Topic
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"Clinical and translational research is a crucial link to the improvement of clinical care and practice. Many of the elements that are involved--physicians, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory testing, medical records--are also involved in the delivery of care to patients. Yet in the conduct of clinical research, these elements are arrayed in different configurations and constrained by rules and regulations that are distinct from those that guide the practice of medicine. In parallel with these considerations, the conduct of clinical research demands a specific skill set. Specialized tools are required to formulate and design informative clinical trials and to interpret the findings from such experiments"--Provided by publisher.
Biomedical Research --- Clinical Trials as Topic --- Clinical trials. --- Research Design. --- Methods. --- Methods.
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This book focuses on new small molecule approaches to combat viral infections. The chapters describe the discovery and development from bench through the clinic of relatively recently-approved antiviral drugs and compounds in advanced clinical development. Organized by a virus (such as HIV, HCV, RSV, influenza, HBV and CMV) and written by top academic and industrial authorities in the field, the book provides a unique opportunity to study, understand and apply discovery and development principles and learning without the need for an individual to research, analyze and synthesize all immense sourcing references. Topics showcase challenges and solutions of issues encountered, offering tremendous experience accumulated over many years of research that will be particularly useful to basic and bench scientists as well as clinicians as they continue discovering and developing new drugs and therapies.
Antiviral Agents --- Clinical Trials as Topic. --- Drug Discovery. --- Drug Evaluation. --- Antiviral agents. --- Antiviraux --- therapeutic use.
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Clinical Trials --- Drugs --- Drug Approval --- Drug Evaluation --- Meta-Analysis as Topic --- Clinical Trials as Topic --- Testing --- methods --- Clinical trials. --- Meta-Analysis as Topic. --- Testing. --- methods. --- Drugs - Testing --- Drug Approval - methods --- Drug Evaluation - methods --- Clinical Trials as Topic - methods
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"This comprehensive overview details the process of radiopharmaceutical development, from cellular studies to animal experiments to the design and implementation of clinical trials. It examines the relative benefits of various radiopharmaceuticals and provides guidance on dose estimation and agent selection. Utilizing figures of merit for quantitative assessment, it covers standard medical internal radiation dose (MIRD), absorbed dose method for imaging agents, vivo methods for obtaining activity data, errors of activity estimation techniques, phantom-based and patient-based dose estimates and their associated uncertainties, and options available to clinical physicists. Supported by numerous examples from clinical trials, it discusses two and three dimensional estimation processes, including modern hybrid scanners such as SPECT /CT and PET/CT"--Provided by publisher.
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Clinical Medicine. --- Clinical Trials as Topic. --- Therapies, Investigational. --- Experimental Therapies --- Innovative Therapies --- Investigational Treatments --- Investigational Therapies --- Experimental Therapy --- Innovative Therapy --- Investigational Therapy --- Investigational Treatment --- Therapies, Experimental --- Therapies, Innovative --- Therapy, Experimental --- Therapy, Innovative --- Therapy, Investigational --- Treatment, Investigational --- Treatments, Investigational --- Clinical Trials as Topic --- Clinical Trial as Topic --- Clinical Protocols --- Drug Evaluation --- Drugs, Investigational --- Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees --- Therapies, Investigational --- Medicine, Clinical
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Drug Industry --- Drug Evaluation. --- Drug discovery --- Drug design --- Translational medical research --- Clinical trials as topic --- Quality assurance, health care --- Pharmaceutical preparations --- Legislation, drug --- Bioethics --- Scientific misconduct --- Pharmacovigilance --- organization & administration. --- history
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