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Plants cannot move away from their environments. As a result, all plants that have survived to date have evolved sophisticated signaling mechanisms that allow them to perceive, respond, and adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions. Among the many cellular processes that respond to environmental changes, elevation of calcium levels is by far the most universal messenger that matches primary signals to cellular responses. Yet it remains unclear how calcium, a simple cation, translates so many different signals into distinct responses - how is the “specificity” of signal-response coupling encoded within the calcium changes? This book will attempt to answer this question by describing the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the coding and decoding of calcium signals in plant cells.

Botanical chemistry. --- Iron -- Metabolism. --- Plant biotechnology. --- Plant molecular biology. --- Plants -- Development. --- Plant cellular signal transduction --- Plants --- Calcium channels --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Effect of calcium on --- Plant cellular signal transduction. --- Effect of calcium on. --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Plants, Effect of calcium on --- Life sciences. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Plant physiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Calcium --- Cellular signal transduction --- Plant cellular control mechanisms --- Physiological effect --- Effect of chemicals on --- Biochemistry. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Physiology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Floristic botany

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Signal transduction pathways are at the core of most biological processes and are critical regulators of heart physiology and pathophysiology. The heart is both a transmitter and dynamic receptor of a variety of intracellular and extracellular stimuli, playing a critical role of an integrator of diverse signaling mechanisms. Alterations in signaling pathways are contributing factors in the development and progression of a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from dysrhythmias and atherosclerosis to hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Targeting specific components of these signaling pathways has been shown to be effective in preclinical studies with significant therapeutic impact.

Human biochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- Pathology of the circulatory system --- biochemie --- cardiologie --- Heart --- Signal Transduction --- Heart Diseases --- Cellular signal transduction --- Coeur --- Transduction du signal cellulaire --- physiology. --- physiopathology. --- Physiology --- Pathophysiology --- Physiologie --- Physiopathologie --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVMEDEC SPRINGER-B

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Despite significant progress in our understanding of cancer biology, cancer continues to be the second cause of human mortality. The remarkable responses of cancer patients to inhibitors to the hedgehog signaling pathway implies a promising novel approach to treat cancer. As a result, understanding the role of hedgehog signaling in cancer is critically important for novel cancer therapeutics. The hedgehog pathway, initially discovered by two Nobel laureates Drs. E. Wieschaus and C. Nusslein-Volhard in Drosophila, is a major pathway regulating cell differentiation, tissue polarity, stem cell maintenance and cell proliferation. It is known by now that activation of this pathway occurs in a variety of human cancer, including basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), medulloblastomas, leukemia, gastrointestinal, lung, ovarian, breast and prostate cancers. Even more exciting is the discovery and synthesis of specific signaling antagonists for the hedgehog pathway, which have significant clinical implications in novel cancer therapeutics. To provide the most up-to-date information on recent development in this exciting research area, we have invited experts in hedgehog signaling field to summarize major advances made in the last few years on hedgehog signaling mechanisms, activation of the pathway in various human cancer types, potential antagonists for hedgehog signaling inhibition and their clinical implications for human cancer treatment. Authors of the book have also highlighted current challenges in our efforts to translate the basic biology into clinic. This book provides insightful views suitable for graduate students, medical students, undergraduate students, basic and clinical scientists, cancer patients as well as the general public.

Medicine. --- Oncology. --- Toxicology. --- Cancer --- Cellular signal transduction --- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- Biochemical Processes --- Biology --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Proteins --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Diseases --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Biological Factors --- Peptides --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemical Processes --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chemical Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Hedgehog Proteins --- Genetics --- Neoplasm Proteins --- Neoplasms --- Signal Transduction --- Metabolism --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Cytopathology --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Cancer. --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Tumors --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Cancer research --- Physiological effect

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Provides a comprehensive overview of recent discoveries and current understandings of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent advances include the first mammalian non-rhodopsin GPCR structures and reconstitution of purified GPCRs into membrane discs for defined studies, novel signaling features including oligomerization, and advances in understanding the complex ligand pharmacology and physiology of GPCRs, in new assay technologies and drug targeting. The authors take time to detail the importance of the pathophysiological function and drug targeting of GPCRs, specifically β-adrenoceptors in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, metabotropic glutamate receptors in CNS disorders, S1P receptors in the immune system, and Wnt/Frizzled receptors in osteoporosis. This book will be invaluable to researchers and graduate students in academia and industry who are interested in the GPCR field.

G proteins. --- Cell receptors. --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell surface receptors --- Receptors, Cell --- Binding sites (Biochemistry) --- Cell membranes --- Proteins --- GTP-binding proteins --- GTP regulatory proteins --- Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins --- Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins --- Membrane proteins --- Drug delivery systems. --- Delivery systems, Drug --- Drug administration technology --- Drug delivery technology --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Delivery systems

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The Wnt pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling network that is critical for mammalian development and adult tissue maintenance, and, importantly, hyperactivated in most human cancers. Almost two decades of study has confirmed that Wnt signaling is necessary and sufficient for cancer pathogenesis in multiple in vitro and in vivo models systems, suggesting that the pathway represents an attractive therapeutic target.  Recent efforts have focused on innovative strategies to antagonize Wnt signaling at various levels of the pathway – from attenuating the extracellular signaling through the Wnt receptors to modulating the catenin destruction complex to blocking catenin-mediated transcription. Many of these approaches have been largely successful in preclinical validation studies and have been met with considerable enthusiasm to move forward into clinical trials. In this book, we highlight the recent advances in our understanding of the complexity of the Wnt pathway, particularly its intricate regulation and cross-talk with other key signal transduction pathways in normal and tumor cells. As a way to comprehend the role of Wnt pathway activation in tumor initiation and progression, we discuss the importance of Wnt signaling in embryonic and tissue development and stem cell maintenance and self-renewal. The evidence for aberrant Wnt pathway activation in human solid and hematopoietic cancers, as well as a few of the genetic mouse models that mimic the Wnt pathway deregulation observed in some of these tumor types, is reviewed. Lastly, we summarize the current status of the development of Wnt pathway inhibitors, their efficacy in preclinical models and their potential as therapeutic agents for cancer. It is an exciting time in the Wnt signaling field – one that represents a key crossroad between dissecting the molecular details of the pathway and translating that work into promising targeted tumor therapies – that is likely to profoundly impact this research area for years to come.

Cancer -- Genetic aspects. --- Neoplasms -- genetics. --- Neoplasms -- therapy. --- Signal Transduction. --- Targeted Gene Repair -- methods. --- Wnt genes. --- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Biology --- Biochemical Processes --- Gene Therapy --- Investigative Techniques --- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed --- Diseases --- Proteins --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Chemical Processes --- Genetic Engineering --- Protein Engineering --- Biological Therapy --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Biological Factors --- Peptides --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Chemical Phenomena --- Therapeutics --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Genetic Techniques --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Wnt Proteins --- Neoplasms --- Signal Transduction --- Genetics --- Targeted Gene Repair --- Methods --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Wnt proteins. --- Cancer. --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Oncology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Cancer Research. --- Tumors --- Glycoproteins --- Growth factors --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Oncology  . --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Wnt pathway. --- Pathway, Wnt --- Signal transduction pathway, Wnt --- Signaling pathway, Wnt --- Wnt signal transduction pathway --- Wnt signaling pathway --- Cellular signal transduction --- Cancer research --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect