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What are the relations between the shape of a system of cities and that of fish school? Which events should happen in a cell in order that it participates to one of the finger of our hands? How to interpret the shape of a sand dune? This collective book written for the non-specialist addresses these questions and more generally, the fundamental issue of the emergence of forms and patterns in physical and living systems. It is a single book gathering the different aspects of morphogenesis and approaches developed in different disciplines on shape and pattern formation. Relying on the seminal works of D'Arcy Thompson, Alan Turing and René Thom, it confronts major examples like plant growth and shape, intra-cellular organization, evolution of living forms or motifs generated by crystals. A book essential to understand universal principles at work in the shapes and patterns surrounding us but also to avoid spurious analogies.

General biophysics --- Computer science --- biofysica --- informatica

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Biotransport: Principles and Applications is written primarily for biomedical engineering and bioengineering students at the introductory level, but should prove useful for anyone interested in quantitative analysis of transport in living systems.  It is important that bioengineering students be exposed to the principles and subtleties of transport phenomena within the context of problems that arise in living systems.  These tend to have constitutive properties, compositions, and geometries that are quite distinct from those of typical inanimate systems.  The book derives its genesis from a novel Engineering Research Center (ERC) in Bioengineering Educational Technologies sponsored by the National Science Foundation.  This ERC was a multi-institutional consortium among Vanderbilt, Northwestern, Texas and Harvard/MIT Universities (VaNTH) based on collaboration among bioengineers, learning scientists and learning technologists. An objective was to develop state-of-the-art learning materials for students in bioengineering.  This text is an outgrowth of the VaNTH ERC and was designed with dual objectives: to provide a coherent and concise pedagogical exposition of biotransport that includes the domains of fluid, heat and mass flows, and to present a guide for teaching and studying in the "How People Learn" (HPL) framework, with appropriate supporting materials for students and teachers.  There is no other text that meets the latter objective.  The text is designed for use in either a traditional didactic course or in an active learning environment in which a course is organized around a series of open ended challenge problems.  The main portion of the text presents enduring concepts and analogies that form the foundations of biotransport.  Sections on biofluid, bioheat and biomass transport are further subdivided into chapters that progressively cover principles and applications of biotransport fundamentals, macroscopic biotransport, 1-D steady and unsteady state transport, and general multidimensional microscopic transport. Biotransport: Principles and Applications should serve as a clear and effective resource for students to learn the basic components of biotransport, so that class time can be freed to allow student-faculty interactions which focus on development of skills in adaptive thinking and solving open ended problems.  The text provides numerous example problems with detailed numerical solutions to help students learn effectively during self study.  Intermediate steps in derivations are included to make it easier for students to follow.  The text includes extensive examples of various learning challenges that have been written by the authors for use in their own biotransport courses.  Chapter summaries, review questions and over 230 problems are included at the end of chapters.

General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- medische biochemie --- biofysica --- biochemie

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General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- medische biochemie --- biofysica --- biochemie

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Disulfide-containing proteins belong to a unique class of proteins for studying the mechanism of protein folding. Their folding mechanism can be analyzed by three distinct techniques: (1) The conventional denaturation-renaturation method (disulfide intact); (2) The disulfide oxidation method (oxidative folding); and (3) The emerging disulfide scrambling method. Each technique provides specific information as to how an unfolded disulfide protein refolds to form the native structure. This book is intended to highlight the knowledge of several important proteins (BPTI, RNase A, beta-Lactalbumin and Lysozyme etc.) that have been characterized in depth by these methodologies. The book will also devote sections to comparing these methodologies and chaperones (PDI and Dsb machineries) that facilitate folding of disulfide proteins. Folding of Disulfide Proteins aims to cover the knowledge of protein folding accumulated from studies of disulfide-containing proteins, including methodologies, folding pathways, and folding mechanism of numerous extensively characterized disulfide proteins. This book will be of interest to those interested in problems related to protein folding, and anyone who is interested in understanding the mechanism of protein misfolding and protein misfolding-related diseases. Folding of Disulfide Proteins aims to cover the knowledge of protein folding accumulated from studies of disulfide-containing proteins, including methodologies, folding pathways, and folding mechanism of numerous extensively characterized disulfide proteins. This book will be of interest to those interested in problems related to protein folding, and anyone who is interested in understanding the mechanism of protein misfolding and protein misfolding-related diseases.

Histology. Cytology --- General biochemistry --- General biophysics --- Animal biochemistry --- Human biochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- biofysica --- biochemie --- cytologie --- histologie

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The ability to grow stem cells in the laboratory and to guide their maturation to functional cells allows us to study the underlying mechanisms that govern vasculature differentiation and assembly in health and disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that early stages of vascular growth are exquisitely tuned by biophysical cues from the microenvironment, yet the scientific understanding of such cellular environments is still in its infancy. Comprehending these processes sufficiently to manipulate them would pave the way to controlling blood vessel growth in therapeutic applications. This book assembles the works and views of experts from various disciplines to provide a unique perspective on how different aspects of its microenvironment regulate the differentiation and assembly of the vasculature. In particular, it describes recent efforts to exploit modern engineering techniques to study and manipulate various biophysical cues. Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and Assembly provides an interdisciplinary view of vasculature regulation by various biophysical cues and presents recent advances in measuring and controlling such parameters. This book will be of interest to biologists, biophysicists and engineers who work with vascular differentiation and assembly.

Histology. Cytology --- General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- medische biochemie --- biofysica --- stamcellen --- biochemie --- stamceltransplantatie