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Since the pioneering text by Mathur and Epstein over 35 years ago, much of the work on this subject has been extended or superseded, producing an enormous body of scattered literature. This edited volume unifies the subject, pulling material together and underpinning it with fundamental theory to produce the only complete, up-to-date reference on all major areas of spouted bed research and practice. With contributions from internationally renowned research groups, this book guides the reader through new developments, insights and models. The hydrodynamic and reactor models of spouted and spout-fluid beds are examined, as well as such topics as particle segregation, heat and mass transfer, mixing and scale-up. Later chapters focus on drying, particle-coating and energy-related applications based on spouted and spout-fluid beds. This is a valuable resource for chemical and mechanical engineers in research and industry.
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This book provides a hybrid methodology for engineering of trickle bed reactors by integrating conventional reaction engineering models with state-of-the-art computational flow models. The content may be used in several ways and at various stages in the engineering process: it may be used as a basic resource for making appropriate reactor engineering decisions in practice; as study material for a course on reactor design, operation, or optimization of trickle bed reactors; or in solving practical reactor engineering problems. The authors assume some background knowledge of reactor engineeri
Trickle bed reactors. --- Engineering --- General and Others --- Chemical reactors. --- Reactors, Chemical --- Chemical reactions --- Chemistry, Technical --- TBR (Trickle bed reactors) --- Chemical reactors
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Two fixed bed reactors for nitrification with either polyethylene/clay sinter lamellas (FBR A) or porous ceramic rings (FBR B) were continously run for treating synthetic saline wastewater. Seawater from Hafen Büsum was used as an inoculums. The performance of the system was evaluated under different operating conditions. A better overall nitrification without nitrite accumulation was observed in FBR B during continuous incubation. However, in term of ammonia (AOR) and nitrite oxidation rates (NOR) that were determined in batch incubations, FBR A revealed a higher AOR and NOR of 6 and 7 mg N L-1 h-1, compared to the AOR and NOR of 5 and 5.9 mg N L-1 h-1 in FBR B, respectively. For studies of the effect of fluctuating salinity on the nitrification, polyethylene/clay sinter lamellas or porous ceramic rings from FBR A and B, respectively, were used as a source of immobilized nitrifiers. Salt concentrations were decreased from 3.5% to 0.03% via 2, 1 and 0.5% and increased from 3.5% to 5, 7 and 9%. A similar result for AOR and NOR during batch incubation was obtained for both substrata in FBR A and FBR B. The salinity changes influenced more the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) than the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Measurement of oxidation rates during changing conditions show that the NORs were always higher than the AORs in all reactors, especially in initial phase. However, NORs were more sensitive to the salinity fluctuation than AORs, especially at lower salinity. The AORs remained constant for 0.5-3.5% NaCl and dropped to 70% and 68.5% after the salt concentration was brought to 0.034 or 5%, respectively. The NORs decreased significantly to 62% and 87.5% of initial rates after the salt concentration was changed to 2 and 5%, respectively.Non-halotolerant nitrifiers reactors with fresh polyethylene/clay as supporting material were inoculated with water samples taken from a ""Brackwasser""-location at the North Sea and were continuously run. The salt content in medium was 0% at the start and was then increased up to 10.5%. Increases of the salt concentration in a non-salt-adapted FBR suppressed more to NOR than AOR. When salinity was increased from 0.03% to 0.5, 1 and 2%, AORs remained constant. The AORs were approx. 90% of initial rates after the salt concentrations were increased stepwise to 3.5%, whereas the NORs decreased to 85, 52 and 36% of initial rate after salinity was increased to 1, 2 and 3.5%, respectively.
Saline wastewater --- Free ammonia und Free nitrous acid --- Fixed bed-reactors --- Halophilic nitrification
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Families --- Bedtime --- Ritual --- Religious life --- Moral and ethical aspects --- 24 <43> --- 24 <43> Praktische theologie--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- 24 <43> Theologie pratique--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Praktische theologie--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Theologie pratique--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Family worship --- Family --- Family life --- Family relationships --- Family structure --- Relationships, Family --- Structure, Family --- Social institutions --- Birth order --- Domestic relations --- Home --- Households --- Kinship --- Marriage --- Matriarchy --- Parenthood --- Patriarchy --- Bed time --- Children's bedtime --- Getting ready for bed --- Sleeping customs --- Cult --- Cultus --- Liturgies --- Public worship --- Symbolism --- Worship --- Rites and ceremonies --- Ritualism --- Social aspects --- Social conditions --- Families - Religious life --- Families - Moral and ethical aspects
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Wetlands provide a wide variety of ecosystem services within the landscape and their importance is commonly accepted. Among the most important are regulating services, i.e., benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes. For example, wetlands contribute to climate regulation. Land cover can affect local temperature and precipitation, wetland ecosystems may affect greenhouse gas sequestration and emissions, or affect the timing and magnitude of runoff and flooding, for example. Wetlands also improve water quality through mechanical, physical, physico-chemical, biological and biochemical processes. These abilities are also used in constructed wetlands but within a more controlled environment. In addition, wetlands provide the supporting services necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services such as soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, primary production or water cycling. In short, wetlands are clearly among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth. In order to provide these services, wetlands need to be properly evaluated, protected and maintained. This book provides results of the latest research in wetland science around the world. Chapters deal with such topics as the use of constructed wetlands for treatment of various types of wastewater, use of constructed wetlands in agroforestry, wetland hydrology and evapotranspiration, the effect of wetlands on landscape temperature, and chemical properties of wetland soils. This book will be of interest for classes in environmental science, researchers, ecologists, landscape planners and regulators.
Constructed wetlands. --- Wetland conservation. --- Wetland ecology. --- Wetland management. --- Wetlands --- Wetland management --- Constructed wetlands --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Ecology --- Water quality management. --- Artificial marshes --- Artificial wetlands --- Constructed tidal marshes --- Constructed wastewater treatment wetlands --- Engineered wetlands --- Man-made wetlands --- Reed bed systems --- Wastewater wetlands --- Water quality control --- Environment. --- Applied ecology. --- Ecosystems. --- Landscape ecology. --- Plant ecology. --- Water pollution. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Applied Ecology. --- Landscape Ecology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Conservation of wetlands --- Wetlands conservation --- Nature conservation --- Wetlands ecology --- Water quality --- Management --- Sewage disposal --- Water conservation --- Water-supply --- Conservation --- Environmental pollution. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Botany --- Plants --- Environmental protection --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental aspects --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Population biology --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Floristic ecology
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Wetland Systems covers broad water and environmental engineering aspects relevant for the drainage and treatment of storm water and wastewater. It provides a descriptive overview of complex ‘black box’ treatment systems and the general design issues involved. Standard and novel design recommendations for predominantly constructed wetlands and related sustainable drainage systems are given to take into account the interests of professional engineers and environmental scientists. Wetland Systems deals comprehensively with not only the design, operation, maintenance and water quality monitoring of traditional and novel wetland systems, but also covers: • Analysis of asset performance • Modelling of treatment processes • Performances of existing infrastructure • Sustainability and economic issues Solutions to pressing water quality problems associated with constructed treatment wetlands, integrated constructed wetlands, farm constructed wetlands and storm water ponds, and other sustainable biological filtration and treatment technologies linked to public health engineering are explained. Case study topics are diverse: natural wetlands and constructed treatment wetlands; sustainable water management; and specific applications, such as wetlands treating hydrocarbons. The research projects discussed are multi-disciplinary, holistic, experimental and modelling-orientated. Wetland Systems is a useful reference for the design and operation of wetland systems by engineers and scientists working for the water industry, non-governmental organisations, local authorities and governmental bodies. It is also a valuable text for undergraduate and postgraduate students, lecturers and researchers in civil and environmental engineering fields.
Constructed wetlands. --- Urban runoff -- Management. --- Wetland management. --- Urban runoff --- Wetland management --- Constructed wetlands --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Management --- Runoff --- Environmental engineering. --- Management. --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Artificial marshes --- Artificial wetlands --- Constructed tidal marshes --- Constructed wastewater treatment wetlands --- Engineered wetlands --- Man-made wetlands --- Reed bed systems --- Wastewater wetlands --- Flowoff --- Melt runoff --- Meltwater runoff --- Rainfall runoff --- Run-off --- Snow cover runoff --- Snow dump runoff --- Snow melt runoff --- Snowmelt-induced runoff --- Snowmelt runoff --- Snowmelt water runoff --- Storm runoff --- Storm water runoff --- Stormwater runoff --- Water runoff, Snowmelt --- Water runoff, Storm --- Environment. --- Water-supply. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Biotechnology. --- Water pollution. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Water Industry/Water Technologies. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Geology. --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Flow of water --- Water --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water resources development --- Water utilities --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Geology --- Wetlands --- Hydrologic cycle --- Environmental pollution. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental aspects --- Engineering—Geology.
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