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As a result of the European Commission’s concern for the status of continental waters, and as a clear reflection of the notion of water as heritage to be conserved, in the year 2000 the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CE) was enacted, its goal being to establish a framework to protect water and the different aquatic ecosystems by requiring the Member States to achieve a good ecological status in all their waters by 2015. Like all ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems undergo physical, chemical and energy-related changes, both of natural and anthropogenic origin. These disturbances affect the organisms living in them and those who utilize their resources. Therefore, evaluating these changes has become a very important task in order to better understand aquatic systems. The study and analysis of the ecological status of these ecosystems in relation to their conservation status and water quality is thus a fundamental tool for a more efficient and rational management of their resources, that is, a management that does not threaten the ecosystem.  The present guide for the identification of Spanish freshwater macroinvertebrates aims to facilitate the job of those who go to great lengths to identify them in order to then determine biotic indices. It is not the aim of this book to serve as a zoological treaty, nor does it claim to add new information on the biology or the ecology of the taxa covered. This book is, simply, a working tool explicitly designed to facilitate the identification of the Spanish macroinvertebrates and the subsequent computing of biotic indices.

Freshwater invertebrates -- Spain -- Classification. --- Freshwater invertebrates -- Spain. --- Freshwater invertebrates. --- Freshwater invertebrates --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Ecology --- Environment. --- Invertebrates. --- Environmental management. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Environmental Management. --- Aquatic invertebrates --- Freshwater animals --- Marine Sciences. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Invertebrata --- Animals --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water

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  In aquatic ecosystems, the oligochaetes are often a major component of the community. Their relevance in sediment quality assessment is largely related to their benthic and detritivorous life habit. In this book, we aim to present the state of the art of Pollution Biology using oligochaete worms in laboratory and field studies. Future research will require the combination of a variety of methodological approaches and the integration of the resulting information, avoiding fragmented and often conflicting visions of the relationships of the species with their environment. Current approaches to ecotoxicology and bioaccumulation using ecological risk assessment provide the opportunity to relate community studies with probability of effects. This book addresses three main themes: Ecological and Field Studies using the composition and structure of oligochaete communities, Toxicology and Laboratory Studies, and Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer Studies. Two appendices list values of toxicological parameters (LC50, EC50) and several bioaccumulation variables (bioaccumulation factors, biological half-life, toxicokinetic coefficients, and critical body residues) for different oligochaete species. Additional information is provided on Methodological Issues and on the Taxonomy of several oligochaete families, with information on the most recent taxonomic debates. Each chapter includes a critical view, based on the authors’ experience, of a number of current issues which have been raised in the literature.

Oligochaeta --- Aquatic invertebrates --- Aquatic ecology --- Environmental toxicology --- Invertebrate populations --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Ecology --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Effect of pollution on --- Effect of water pollution on --- Oligochaeta. --- Chaetopoda --- Oligochaete worms --- Oligochaetes --- Oligochaets --- Oligochetes --- Environment. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Environmental management. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Water pollution. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Environmental Management. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Clitellata --- Marine Sciences. --- Aquatic biology. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Environmental pollution. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Ecotoxicology --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Ocean sciences --- Environmental aspects --- Aquatic ecology . --- Aquatic biology --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc.