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"There is a lot we don't know. That means that there are a lot of possibilities that are, epistemically speaking, open. For instance, we don't know whether it rained in Seattle yesterday. So, for us at least, there is an epistemic possibility where it rained in Seattle yesterday, and one where it did not. What are these epistemic possibilities? They do not match up with metaphysical possibilities -- there are various cases where something is epistemically possible but not metaphysically possible, and vice versa. How do we understand the semantics of statements of epistemic modality? The ten new essays in this volume explore various answers to these questions, including those offered by contextualism, relativism and expressivism."--Cover, [p.] 4.

Philosophy of language --- Theory of knowledge --- Epistemics. --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Modality (Linguistics) --- Modality (Logic) --- Modality (Linguistics). --- Modality (Logic). --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Modal logic --- Logic --- Nonclassical mathematical logic --- Bisimulation --- Epistemology --- Philosophy --- Psychology

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Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Handlung, Norm und Intention" verfügbar.

#GROL:MEDO-161.2 --- Ethics --- Logic --- Morale --- Logique --- Deontic logic. --- Logic, Deontic --- Duty --- Modality (Logic)

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Norwegian Modals is a detailed description of the syntactic and semantic properties of modals in Norwegian. Modal verbs in Mainland Scandinavian languages have received much less attention than their English and German counterparts, hence this book seizes the opportunity to present a range of new data and generalizations relevant for the study of Scandinavian languages, but also for the study of modality in Germanic and other languages. The book critically evaluates a range of proposals from the modality literature, focusing on the Theta-properties and the scopal properties of Modals in Germanic languages, and concludes that none of these previous proposals are able to account for the syntax of modals in Norwegian. The Theta-properties of modals are shown to depend on the construction in which the modal occurs, hence neither a raising analysis, a control analysis, nor a raising-versus-control analysis in fact suffices to exhaust these properties of Norwegian modals. The interplay of modals with tense and aspect is likewise thoroughly investigated, presenting a range of data revealing that existing universalist proposals are insufficient to account for even quite regular patterns. Instead, a new analysis is presented, building on a new compositional tense system which exploits aspectual features of predicates and selectional preferences of modal classes.

Grammar --- Norwegian language --- Germanic languages --- Verb. --- Modality. --- Modal verbs. --- Norwegian language.

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This work is essentially based on grammaticalization theory - a branch of linguistics which has gained prominence since the 1980's. It focuses on the interaction between diachrony and synchrony, langue and parole or, for that matter, competence and performance, I-language and Ε-language. It does not see these levels as distinct linguistic domains, as much structurally oriented work does. It is important for the present purposes that such an interactionist view entails that performance effects may over time cause new grammatical code relations. Hence the importance of statistical empirical research, which led the author to adopt a predominantly corpus-based approach.

Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Modality --- 802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- -Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- -802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- 802.0-56 --- English language --- -English language --- Discourse analysis --- Grammaticalization --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Discourse analysis. --- Grammaticalization. --- Modality. --- Germanic languages

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The articles collected in this volume deal with theoretical and empirical issues in the historical semantics of German modals. The topics presented in these articles include types of semantic change, the semantics/pragmatics interface, the structure and development of polysemy, epistemic and non-epistemic uses, variation of use in different types of text, aspects of quantitative corpus analysis. As for empirical data there is a particular emphasis of Old High German and Early Modern German materials.

Allemand (Langue) --- Auxiliary verbs. --- Modality. --- Auxiliaires --- Modalité --- 803.0-56 --- -German language --- Duits: syntaxis; semantiek --- Auxiliary verbs --- Modality --- -Duits: syntaxis; semantiek --- 803.0-56 Duits: syntaxis; semantiek --- -803.0-56 Duits: syntaxis; semantiek --- Modalité --- German language --- Ashkenazic German language --- Hochdeutsch --- Judaeo-German language (German) --- Judendeutsch language --- Judeo-German language (German) --- Jüdisch-Deutsch language --- Jüdischdeutsch language --- Germanic languages --- History --- Semantics --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Historical linguistics --- Semantics. --- History. --- Sémantique --- Histoire --- German language - Auxiliary verbs. --- German language - Modality. --- German language - Semantics. --- German language - History.