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The program was successful in strengthening the economy and stabilizing market conditions, although part of the fiscal achievements were reversed after the program lapsed. The 2008 Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) with Hungary successfully stabilized financial market conditions and strengthened the economy through sizable fiscal consolidation and important structural reforms, despite significant challenges. The program was a successful example of joint collaboration between the authorities, the EU, and the IMF, setting an important precedent for future joint programs. Much of the structural fiscal adjustment has since been reversed.

Loans, Foreign --- Economic indicators --- Business indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Social indicators --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Hungary --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Banks and Banking --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Foreign Exchange --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Crises --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Fiscal Policy --- Banking --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Financial crises --- Public debt --- Foreign banks --- Fiscal stance --- Financial institutions --- Fiscal policy --- Banks and banking --- Debts, Public --- Banks and banking, Foreign

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Ukraine was one of the countries hardest hit by the global economic and financial crisis; it was also one of the first countries supported by a Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). The Ex Post Evaluation of Exceptional Access Under the 2008 SBA reveals that the achievement of program objectives was mixed, with core short-term objectives largely met, but little progress made toward meeting medium-term objectives. The banking system stabilized, the current account adjusted quickly, social arrears and sovereign default were avoided, and a gradual economic recovery started from mid-2009.

Loans, Foreign --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Ukraine --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Banks and Banking --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Budgeting --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Financial Crises --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Banking --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Budgeting & financial management --- Fuel prices --- Commercial banks --- Financial crises --- Bank resolution --- Financial institutions --- Budget planning and preparation --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Banks and banking --- Crisis management --- Budget

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BRICs development financing flows have increased significantly and are expected to become more prominent in the post-crisis era. We investigate the potential implications on the country-allocation of loan commitments and the degree of concessionality using a panel vector autoregression model and single equation dynamic panel estimation.We find that BRICs lend more to LICs with weaker institutions. Land-locked, resource-scarce LICs receive significantly less financing than other resource-rich LICs. The degree of concessionality is negatively correlated with the amount of loans and positively correlated with better institutional indicators suggesting that the higher the risks, the higher the required returns that BRICs expect.

Loans, Foreign --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Econometric models. --- Brazil --- Russia --- Russie --- Rossīi︠a︡ --- Rossīĭskai︠a︡ Imperīi︠a︡ --- Russia (Provisional government, 1917) --- Russia (Vremennoe pravitelʹstvo, 1917) --- Russland --- Ṛusastan --- Russia (Tymchasovyĭ uri︠a︡d, 1917) --- Russian Empire --- Rosja --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Russia (Territory under White armies, 1918-1920) --- Economic policy. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Foreign Aid --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Finance --- Development assistance --- Concessional external borrowing --- Personal income --- Exports --- Financial institutions --- Foreign aid --- External debt --- National accounts --- International trade --- International relief --- Debts, External --- Income --- China, People's Republic of

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Belarus was hard hit by the global economic crisis. An exceptional access Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) was, therefore, agreed in early 2009. The program was generally successful and most program conditions were met. The program was overall well designed, but with some shortcomings. While in part owing to external shocks, those problems experienced under the program also reflected rapid directed lending. Lessons from the review are many, the main one is the criticality of incorporating fully ownership, including at the highest levels, in program design and conditionality.

Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009. --- Financial crises --- Loans, Foreign --- Global Economic Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Banking --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Credit --- Current account deficits --- Currencies --- Money --- Balance of payments --- External debt --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Belarus, Republic of

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Burundi’s extreme poverty, post-conflict environment, and persistent fragility created considerable risks to program implementation, calling for extensive flexibility in engagement. The program succeeded in establishing some of the key foundations of macroeconomic stability, mobilizing donor resources, and promoting poverty reduction. A successor program should strike the right balance between reforms narrowly aimed at improving the conduct of macroeconomic policies and other macro-critical reforms. Ensuring public debt sustainability should remain a key program objective. Risks to the new program are likely to remain high but manageable.

Loans, Foreign --- Economic indicators --- Business indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Social indicators --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Burundi --- Bulongdi --- Burunji --- Gouvernement de transition du Burundi --- Ingoma y'i Burundi --- Kingdom of Burundi --- Republic of Burundi --- Republika y'Uburundi --- République du Burundi --- Résidence de l'Urundi --- Royaume du Burundi --- Urundi --- Бурунди --- בורונדי --- بوروندي --- ブルンジ --- 布隆迪 --- Ruanda-Urundi --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Agriculture: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- International economics --- Agricultural commodities --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Debt relief --- Structural reforms --- Expenditure --- Commodities --- Asset and liability management --- Macrostructural analysis --- Farm produce --- Finance, Public --- Debts, External --- Expenditures, Public