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For a long time, the GATT led a life of its own as a self-contained regime. The evolution from tariff to non-tariff barriers brought about increasing overlaps with other regulatory areas. WTO rules increasingly interface with other areas of law and policy, including environmental protection, agricultural policies, labour standards, investment, human rights and regional integration. Against this backdrop, this book examines fragmentation in international trade regulation across a wide array of regulatory fields. To this end, it uses a conceptually coherent theoretical framework which is based on the effort to bring about greater coherence among different policy goals and fields, and thus to embed the multilateral trading system within the broader framework of international economics, law and relations. It will appeal to those interested in a forward-looking discussion of the most pressing issues of the international trade agenda.

Foreign trade regulation. --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Foreign trade regulation --- Import and export controls --- International trade --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Trade regulation --- Law and legislation --- Law --- General and Others

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The April 2011 issue of the Regional Economic Outlook: Asia and Pacific focuses on the policy challenges of managing the next phase of growth after Asia's recovery from the global crisis. The analytical chapters discuss how capital flows to the region may affect the monetary policy transmission mechanism and the role of macroprudential measures in this context, the implications of the Asian supply chain for rebalancing growth across the region, and the policy challenges for Asian low-income and Pacific Island countries. Economic recovery in Asia as a whole has been rapid (8.3 percent in 2010) and fueled by both exports and domestic demand. Looking ahead, growth is expected to continue at a more moderate but also more sustainable pace in 2011 and 2012, led by China and India. Meanwhile, new risks to the outlook have emerged. The full human cost and impact on infrastructure of the mid-March earthquake and tsunami in Japan remain to be determined. The steady response of the Japanese government and people has helped to contain the effects of the disaster on production, but a risk remains of prolonged disruptions in production that could spill over to other Asian economies in the regional supply chain. Moreover, tensions in the Middle East and North Africa and related risk of further oil price spikes could disrupt global growth and affect Asian exports. Finally, pockets of overheating have emerged in Asia, as core inflation and credit growth have accelerated in several Asian economies. The need to tighten macroeconomic policy stances has become more pressing than it was six months ago.

Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Economic forecasting --- Economics --- Forecasting --- Economic indicators --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Trade: General --- Commodity Markets --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Banking --- Capital inflows --- Exports --- Capital flows --- Food prices --- Balance of payments --- Prices --- International trade --- Capital movements --- China, People's Republic of

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"Originally an important but relatively obscure plurilateral instrument, the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is now becoming a pillar of the WTO system as a result of important developments since the Uruguay Round. This collection examines the issues and challenges that this raises for the GPA, as well as future prospects for addressing government procurement at a multilateral level. Coverage includes issues relating to pending accessions to the GPA, particularly those of developing countries with a large state sector such as China; the revised (provisionally agreed) GPA text of 2006, including provisions on electronic procurement and Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries; and procurement provisions in regional trade agreements and their significance for the multilateral system. Attention is also given to emerging issues, especially those concerning environmental, social and SME policy; competition law; and the implications of the recent economic crisis"--

Government purchasing. --- Government purchasing --- Foreign trade regulation. --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Foreign trade regulation --- Import and export controls --- International trade --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Trade regulation --- Public contracts --- Sales --- Government procurement --- Procurement, Government --- Public procurement --- Public purchasing --- Purchasing --- Law and legislation. --- Law and legislation --- Foreign trade policy --- World Trade Organization --- Law --- General and Others

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The paper focuses on systemically important jurisdictions in the global trade network, complementing recent IMF work on systemically important financial sectors. Using the IMF's Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) database and network analysis, the paper develops a framework for ranking jurisdictions based on trade size and trade interconnectedness indicators using data for 2000 and 2010. The results show a near perfect overlap between the top 25 systemically important trade and financial jurisdictions, suggesting that these ought to be the focus of risk-based surveillance on cross-border spillovers and contagion. In addition, a number of extensions to the approach are developed that can provide a better understanding of trade dynamics at the bilateral, regional, and global levels.

International trade --- Econometric models. --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Neural Networks and Related Topics --- Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data --- Data Access --- Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Trade: General --- Finance --- International economics --- Financial contagion --- Exports --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Financial risk management --- China, People's Republic of

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In the extensive empirical work carried out across the IMF on oil-producing sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, the notion of "sustainability" is often directed toward fiscal policies, and, in particular, views on the "optimal" non-oil primary fiscal deficit. The bulk of this work does not, however, address external sustainability, which is a concern especially for those SSA oil producers operating under a fixed exchange rate regime. A couple of recent papers have extended the existing methodologies to assess external sustainability for some oil-producing countries but they do not focus on those in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we bolster this empirical work by providing a range of estimates for the long-run external current external account balance for each of the SSA oil-producing countries, based on three widely used methodologies in the IMF. Our research strategy is to apply these models to the eight countries in the subregion - Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, and the Republic of Congo - using similar simplifying assumptions so that we are using the same lens to view how they do and do not differ.

Fiscal policy --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Investments: Energy --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Energy: General --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Current account balance --- Current account --- Oil --- Oil prices --- Consumption --- Balance of payments --- Commodities --- National accounts --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Economics --- Equatorial Guinea, Republic of