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Steps forward in mathematics often reverberate in other scientific disciplines, and give rise to innovative conceptual developments or find surprising technological applications. This volume brings to the forefront some of the proponents of the mathematics of the twentieth century, who have put at our disposal new and powerful instruments for investigating the reality around us. The portraits present people who have impressive charisma and wide-ranging cultural interests, who are passionate about defending the importance of their own research, are sensitive to beauty, and attentive to the social and political problems of their times. What we have sought to document is mathematics’ central position in the culture of our day. Space has been made not only for the great mathematicians but also for literary texts, including contributions by two apparent interlopers, Robert Musil and Raymond Queneau, for whom mathematical concepts represented a valuable tool for resolving the struggle between ‘soul and precision.’.

Mathematicians. --- Mathematics -- History. --- Mathematicians --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematics - General --- Mathematics. --- Computers. --- Algebra. --- Game theory. --- History. --- Mathematical logic. --- Probabilities. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- History of Computing. --- Game Theory, Economics, Social and Behav. Sciences. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Games, Theory of --- Theory of games --- Mathematical models --- Mathematical analysis --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Math --- Science

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This collection of essays on relationships between science, history of science, history of art and philosophy is a multi-faceted sequel to the first volume, Discovering the Principles of Mechanics 1600-1800, published in 2008. During his career, David Speiser was first and foremost a theoretical physicist with first-hand knowledge of how fundamental research is carried out, but he was also a historian of science and editor of historical writings as well as a keen observer of works of art and architecture. In these essays he compares and contrasts artistic creations with scientific discoveries, the work of the artist and that of the scientist, and process of analysis of the art historian to that of the historian of science. What is revealed is how the limits of individual disciplines can be pushed and sometimes completely overcome as the result of input from and interactions with other fields, and how progress may even be impossible without such interactions. The reflections elucidated here refute the idea, so engrained in our thinking today, of the ˜two cultures', and underline the unity rather than the diversity inherent in creative thought both scientific and artistic. Contained here are ten papers, all newly edited with updated references, four of which have been translated into English for the first time, and completed with an index of names. Intended for the specialist and non-specialist alike, these essays set before us a feast of ideas.

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