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Trees played a particularly important part in the rural economy of Anglo-Saxon England, both for wood and timber and as a wood-pasture resource, with hunting gaining a growing cultural role. But they are also powerful icons in many pre-Christian religions, with a degree of tree symbolism found in Christian scripture too. This wide-ranging book explores both the "real", historical and archaeological evidence of trees and woodland, and as they are depicted in Anglo-Saxon literature and legend. Place-name and charter references cast light upon the distribution of particular tree species (mapped here in detail for the first time) and also reflect upon regional character in a period that was fundamental for the evolution of the present landscape.

Della Hooke is Honorary Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Research in Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Birmingham.

Trees --- Trees in literature --- Arbres --- Arbres dans la littérature --- History --- Symbolic aspects --- Folklore --- Histoire --- Aspect symbolique --- Great Britain --- Grande-Bretagne --- Trees in literature. --- History. --- Folk-lore of trees --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Timber --- Anglo-Saxon England. --- Christian scripture. --- charter references. --- hunting. --- landscape evolution. --- place-name. --- pre-Christian religions. --- rural economy. --- trees. --- wood-pasture resource.

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This paper proposes a parametric approach to estimating a dynamic binary response panel data model that allows for endogenous contemporaneous regressors. This approach is of particular value for settings in which one wants to estimate the effects of an endogenous treatment on a binary outcome. The model is next used to examine the impact of rural-urban migration on the likelihood that households in rural China fall below the poverty line. In this application, it is shown that migration is important for reducing the likelihood that poor households remain in poverty and that non-poor households fall into poverty. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that failure to control for unobserved heterogeneity would lead the researcher to underestimate the impact of migrant labor markets on reducing the probability of falling into poverty.

Achieving Shared Growth --- Debt Markets --- Farm employment --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Household survey --- Household surveys --- Human development --- Income --- Indicators of poverty --- Insurance --- Insurance markets --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Poor --- Poor households --- Population Policies --- Poverty line --- Poverty persistence --- Poverty Reduction --- Poverty status --- Regional Economic Development --- Remote regions --- Rural --- Rural economy --- Rural household --- Rural migrants --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Savings