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В данной публикации ОЭСР предлагается обзор текущей образовательной политики в отношении детей с особыми образовательными потребностями в Казахстане, Кыргызской Pеспублике и Таджикистане. Дается представление о социально- историческом контексте, системах образования и соответствующего законодательства, критически анализируются принятые взгляды на доступ к образованию для самой уязвимой группы детского населения в данных странах. Особое внимание уделяется политическим мерам, направленным на обеспечения инклюзивности образования, процедурам идентификации и оценки, общей координации предоставления образовательных услуг, интеграции в общеобразовательную систему, а также наиболее успешным практикам и роли НПО и общественных доноров. Публикация входит в серию изданий ОЭСР “Oбзор национал ьной политики в области образования”, ее готовит Программа по Сотрудничеству со странами, не входящими в состав ОЭСР Директората по Образованию.

Education --- Kazakhstan --- Kyrgyzstan --- Tajikistan

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Human rights --- Democratization --- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. --- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. --- Kazakhstan --- Kazakhstan --- Foreign relations --- Politics and government

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Volunteer workers in social service --- Peace Corps (U.S.) --- Kazakhstan --- Social life and customs.

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As the environmental issues in the Aral Sea continue to worsen, this volume presents an up-to-date synthesis of those issues - from the paleohistory and archaeology of the region, to the physical, chemical and biological state of the sea today.

Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) -- Environmental aspects. --- Environmental degradation -- Aral Sea Region (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan). --- Oceanography --- Chemical oceanography --- Environmental Sciences --- Physical Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Geography --- Environmental degradation --- Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Environmental aspects. --- Degradation, Environmental --- Destruction, Environmental --- Deterioration, Environmental --- Environmental destruction --- Environmental deterioration --- Aral Sea (Uzbek S.S.R. and Kazakh S.S.R.) --- Aral Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakstan) --- Aralʹskoe more (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Aralskoe Sea (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Lake Aral (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) --- Earth sciences. --- Water quality. --- Water pollution. --- Geochemistry. --- Oceanography. --- Environmental chemistry. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Earth Sciences. --- Environmental Chemistry. --- Water Quality/Water Pollution. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Natural disasters --- Environmental quality --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Marine chemistry --- Water chemistry

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Kazakhstani banks continue to suffer from a high and rising stock of nonperforming loans. A centralized approach to asset resolution is warranted, and could be based on a reinvigorated Distressed Asset Fund. A robust and transparent public financial management system should be an integral part of any effective fiscal framework. Deeper and sophisticated domestic financial markets will help decline in dollarization and the associated risks. A sound medium-term fiscal framework, supportive monetary and exchange rate policies, and overall financial sector reform is required.

Petroleum industry and trade --- Fiscal policy --- Banks and banking --- Pension trusts --- Foreign exchange --- Kazakhstan --- Economic conditions --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Employee pension trusts --- Pension funds --- Pension plans --- Trusts and trustees --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Energy industries --- Oil industries --- Government policy --- Cazaquistão --- Ha-sa-ssu-tʻan kung ho kuo --- Hasake si tan gong he guo --- Kasachstan --- Kazachstan --- Kazafusutan --- Ḳazaḥsṭan --- Kazak Respublikasy --- Kazakistan --- Kazakstan --- Qazāqistān --- Qazaqstan --- Qazaqstan Respublikasy --- Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- Republic of Kazakstan --- Respublika Kazakhstan --- Республика Казахстан --- Казахстан --- קזחסטן --- カザフスタン --- Kazakh S.S.R. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Fiscal Policy --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- International Financial Markets --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Monetary economics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Financial markets --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Fiscal rules --- Nonperforming loans --- Distressed assets --- Fiscal stance --- Currency markets --- Loans --- Accounting --- Foreign exchange market --- Expenditures, Public --- Kazakhstan, Republic of