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The recent reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union extend in a significant way the “decoupling” process started some ten years earlier. By adopting the Single Farm Payment (SFP) scheme only limited support for agriculture is tied to current production decisions. This is also true of U.S. farm policy. The reform act of 1996 introduced greater planting flexibility, shifted some support to direct payments, and eliminated the authority for acreage reduction programs. The 2002 and 2008 Acts retained these features. However, they added countercyclical components to direct payments based on market prices and historic production, and allowed for updating of base acreage underlying direct payments. These steps arguably reintroduced ties between support and production decisions. This volume explores the economic implications of these recent changes in the design of agricultural policies for the economic performance of the sector in the European Union and the United States. The book is organized around five themes: (1) New Directions in Agricultural Policy: U.S. and EU Perspectives; (2) Agricultural Policy and Economic performance; (3) Energy and Agricultural Policy; (4) International Trade and Agricultural Policy; and (5) Commodity Programs and Risk Management. The authors apply rigorous tools to analyze the impact and implications of current agricultural policies on efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness in the sector, and consider opportunities for improvement in policymaking and practice.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Agronomy --- economische politiek --- landbouwbeleid

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Economie --- Kapitalisme --- Welvaart --- Ongelijkheden --- Marktwerking --- Economische politiek --- 339.9 --- Internationale economie --- kapitalisme --- economie --- Ongelijkheid --- Aardrijkskunde

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The Indian Ocean region is arguably one of the world's least understood, yet its importance in geopolitics and international relations is greater than ever before. This book explores the concepts of regime theory, regional orders and ocean governance to critically assess the effectiveness of maritime regimes, something that not been attempted before for the Indian Ocean Region. This study employs the theoretical framework of international regimes in the context of ocean governance by developing a new model, which is used to test the regimes' effectiveness. This book addresses the analytical gap in our understanding about the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean as a region in contemporary world geopolitics and international relations. Case studies display the groundwork for regional cooperation in the maritime realm laid by Indian Ocean countries, and the effectiveness of current political leadership is addressed. There is considerable value in looking at the Indian Ocean as a region for future analysis of maritime regimes, and this book proposes that international maritime regimes can expand regional cooperation in the Indian Ocean to create a new geopolitical region. The interdisciplinary approach presented draws on historical analysis, international maritime law, political science, international relations and the literature on regime theory and will be of interest to academics in those fields as well as policy-makers concerned with maritime issues. This book is original in many ways and makes a significant contribution to the knowledge on the Indian Ocean. The book is well researched and documented with a very creative approach in regimes to ocean governance and regional cooperation in international relations. This book is particularly eloquent and helpful in developing an understanding of maritime regimes in the Indian Ocean. The book offers a refreshing and original approach to overcoming the difficulties of developing Indian Ocean cooperation. Professor Dr. Hasjim Djalal This book presents a thoughtful and careful analysis of regional Indian Ocean issues, based on extensive and difficult research. It helps readers understand what has been accomplished in the region, but also what remains to be done. The author provides a road map for the countries of this region to follow and challenges them to work together more effectively in the future. Professor Jon Van Dyke

Politics --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Foreign trade. International trade --- economische politiek --- politiek --- wereldeconomie --- internationale economie

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This book documents the evolving path of U.S. agriculture in the 20th Century and the role of public R&D in that evolution. The work begins with a detailed quantitative assessment of the shifting patterns of production among the states and over time and of the public institutions and investments in agricultural R&D. Then, based on newly constructed sets of panel data, some of which span the entire 20th Century and more, the authors present new econometric evidence linking state-specific agricultural productivity measures to federal and state government investments in agricultural research and extension. The results show that the time lags between R&D spending and its effects on productivity are longer than commonly found or assumed in the prior published work. Also, the spillover effects of R&D among states are important, such that the national net benefits from a state’s agricultural research investments are much greater than own-state net benefits. The main findings are consistent across a wide range of reasonable model specifications. In sum, the benefits from past public investments in agricultural research have been worth many times more than the costs, a significant share of the benefits accrue as spillovers, and the research lags are very long. An accelerated investment in public agricultural R&D is warranted by the high returns to the nation, and may be necessary to revitalize U.S. agricultural productivity growth even though the benefits may not be visible for many years. Julian M. Alston is Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Director of the Robert Mondavi Institute Center for Wine Economics at the University of California, Davis and Associate Director for Science and Technology at the University of California Agricultural Issues Center Matthew A. Andersen is Assistant Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the University of Wyoming Jennifer S. James is Associate Professor in the Department of Agribusiness at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Philip G. Pardey is Professor in the Department of Applied Economics and Director of the International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP) Center at the University of Minnesota.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Agronomy --- technologiebeleid --- economische politiek --- landbouwbeleid --- United States of America

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To mark the 20th Anniversary of Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations the editor has compiled a comprehensive overview of contemporary debates in third sector scholarship, comprised of all original research by leaders in the field. This work offers a critical review of the central and innovative themes that have come to form the core of third sector debate and research with an international focus. The first global compendium of third sector research, this contributions to this work provide an international, multi-disciplinary, and state-of-the-art overview of the field. The contributions not only examine and review the existing scholarship, but introduce new perspectives and thinking on the third sector—especially in terms of future implications around the world. Topics covered include: -History and Development of the Field -New Trends in Volunteering and Philanthropy -Volunteering and Participation in Developing Countries -Leadership and Governance -Corporate Responsibility -Social Capital -Global Civil Society With a broad and comprehensive look at the field of Third Sector Research, this work will be of primary interest to researchers in political science, sociology, development studies, and nonprofit leadership programs.

Sociology --- Politics --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Production management --- sociologie --- economische politiek --- politiek --- planning