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Poor rural women in the developing world spend considerable time collecting water. How then do they respond to improved access to water infrastructure? Does it increase their participation in income earning market-based activities? Does it improve the health and education outcomes of their children? To help address these questions, a new approach for dealing with the endogeneity of infrastructure placement in cross-sectional surveys is proposed and implemented using data for nine developing countries. The paper does not find that access to water comes with greater off-farm work for women, although in countries where substantial gender gaps in schooling exist, both boys' and girls' enrollments improve with better access to water. There are also some signs of impacts on child health as measured by anthropometric z-scores.

Access & Equity in Basic Education --- Child health --- Child mortality --- Decision making --- Drinking water --- Drinking Water Supply --- Early Child and Children's Health --- Education --- Gender --- Health --- Health care --- Households --- Nutrition and Population --- Price of water --- Rural communities --- Rural Development --- Rural Labor Markets --- Rural water --- Rural water supply --- Rural Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water collection --- Water infrastructure --- Water quality --- Water Resources --- Water shortages --- Water source --- Water sources --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water use --- Wells