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Il est communément décrit qu'au cours du vieillissement normal, les personnes rencontrent de plus en plus de difficultés en production lexicale et plus précisément, dans des tâches de dénomination d'images. Ces personnes sont sujettes au manque du mot et au mot sur le bout de la langue. De plus, les latences de dénomination croissent également. Nous voulons d'abord savoir si ce déclin survient après 75 ans ou s'il peut être objectivé dès 50 ans étant donné que les plaintes commencent vers la cinquantaine. De plus, ce déclin s'explique-t-il par un ralentissement général qui s'opère au sein de tous les processus cognitifs ou par une atteinte des mécanismes spécifiques à la tâche langagière ? Dans ce dernier cas, nous voulons localiser le plus précisément possible l'origine du manque du mot. Nous envisageons une atteinte du système sémantique et/ou des connexions entre le niveau sémantique et le niveau de la forme phonologique. Nous avons évalué, au sein de trois catégories d'âge (20 jeunes de 25-35 ans, 20 adultes de 50-60 ans et 20 adultes âgés de plus de 75 ans), les performances en dénomination d'images ainsi que dans des tâches sémantiques. Les trois groupes sont appariés au niveau du statut socio-économique et du niveau lexical. Nous démontrons un manque du mot et un ralentissement dès 50 ans. L'ensemble des sujets bénéficient de l'indiçage phonologique mais les adultes âgés ont plus souvent besoin de deux phonèmes par rapport aux adultes chez qui un phonème suffit pour récupérer l'item lexical en cas de non-réponses. La vie en institution n'influence pas les scores et les latences en dénomination. Enfin, les épreuves sémantiques sont moins bien réussies par les adultes âgés.

Vieillissement --- Vocabulaire --- Personne âgée --- Processus cognitif --- Tip of the tongue

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Swift --- Jonathan --- 1667-1745. Proposal for correcting --- improving --- and ascertaining the English tongue --- British Academy --- London (Founded ca. 1712)

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This collection presents some of the best peer-reviewed papers from a conference with the theme “Creating sustainable empowering learning environments through scholarship of engagement”.

Higher & further education, tertiary education --- praxis --- sustainable --- empowering --- learning environments --- South Africa --- action research --- self-directedness in learning --- study --- instrumentation --- self-regulated learning --- solo taxonomy --- mother-tongue teaching --- marginalised --- psychological assessment

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This monograph examines the ideological legacy of the the apparently innocent kinship metaphors of "mother tongue" and "native speaker" by historicizing their linguistic development. It shows how the early nation states constructed the ideology of ethnolinguistic nationalism, a composite of national language, identity, geography, and race. This ideology invented myths of congenital communities that configured the national language in a symbiotic matrix between body and physical environment and as the ethnic and corporeal ownership of national identity and local organic nature. These ethno-nationalist gestures informed the philology of the early modern era and generated arboreal and genealogical models of language, culminating most divisively in the race conscious discourse of the Indo-European hypothesis of the 19th century. The philosophical theories of organicism also contributed to these ideologies. The fundamentally nationalist conflation of race and language was and is the catalyst for subsequent permutations of ethnolinguistic discrimination, which continue today. Scholarship should scrutinize the tendency to overextend biological metaphors in the study of language, as these can encourage, however surreptitiously, genetic and racial impressions of language.

Native language. --- Langue maternelle --- Multilinguisme --- Multilingualism --- Native language --- Sociolinguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Mother tongue --- Vernacular language --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Multilingualism. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Sociolinguistique --- Ethnische Identität. --- Ethnolinguistik. --- Flerspråkighet. --- Metapher. --- Muttersprache. --- Nationalstaat. --- Språksociologi. --- mother tongue. --- national language. --- multilingualism. --- linguistics. --- materinščina --- lingua materna --- langue maternelle --- lingwa materna --- dzimtā valoda --- język ojczysty --- limbă maternă --- modersmål --- μητρική γλώσσα --- майчин език --- língua materna --- moedertaal --- матерњи језик --- emakeel --- Muttersprache --- materinski jezik --- мајчин јазик --- äidinkieli --- gimtoji kalba --- materinský jazyk --- mateřský jazyk --- anyanyelv --- lengua materna --- máthairtheanga --- gjuhë amtare --- rodný jazyk --- madrelingua --- mateřština --- céadteanga --- hemspråk --- lengua vernácula --- rodná řeč --- Sprachwissenschaft --- lingüística --- lingvistika --- lingwistika --- taalwetenschap --- keeleteadus --- linguística --- kielitiede --- nyelvészet --- teangeolaíocht --- językoznawstwo --- linguistikë --- лингвистика --- kalbotyra --- lingvistică --- jazykověda --- γλωσσολογία --- jezikoslovje --- linguistique --- lingvistik --- linguistica --- граматика --- etümoloogia --- nyelvtan --- spelluta --- γραμματική --- mondattan --- етимология --- lexicologia --- spraakkunst --- pronunciation --- pragmatika --- angewandte Sprachwissenschaft --- nauka o původu slov --- phonetics --- fonetiikka --- наука за јазикот --- morfologie --- правопис --- Etymologie --- pravopis --- Sprechtechnik --- prononciation --- fonētika --- etimologija --- grammatik --- Pragmalinguistik --- dějiny jazyka --- sprogvidenskab --- uttalslära --- ordboksvetenskap --- etymologia --- pisownia --- leksikologija --- leksikologji --- лексикологија --- gramatika --- fonetică --- προφορά --- etimología --- fonética --- λεξικολογία --- fonologie --- litriú --- betydelselära --- filologie --- sémantique --- Rechtschreibung --- Phonetik --- gramatică --- helyesírás --- gramática --- etimoloģija --- tartis --- Grammatik --- grammatika --- etymológia --- etymology --- grammar --- orthographe --- ääntäminen --- etymologi --- alaktan --- etimológia --- lexikológia --- hangtan --- ortografia --- Lexikologie --- syntax --- etimoloġija --- Sprachforschung --- lexicology --- kirjakuju --- Semantik --- szemantika --- semantik --- ortogrāfija --- grammatica --- φωνητική --- valodniecība --- semantiikka --- kielioppi --- leksikoloģija --- σημαντική --- ετυμολογία --- szókincstan --- oikeinkirjoitus --- fonetiek --- semantika --- sémantika --- keeletehnika --- Morphologie --- fonetikë --- lexikologi --- lexicología --- uttal --- beszédtechnika --- uitspraak --- jezikoslovlje --- spelling --- fonetik --- leksikoloogia --- mluvnice --- pronuncia --- semántica --- izgovor --- ljudlära --- semantica --- pronunciação --- semântica --- shqiptim --- pronúncia --- semantikë --- ορθογραφία --- phonétique --- matematická lingvistika --- étymologie --- stavemåde --- pronunciación --- výslovnosť --- etymologie --- taalkunde --- jazykozpyt --- udtale --- ortografía --- ortografie --- allmän språkvetenskap --- semantics --- semantiek --- fonetica --- etimologie --- linguïstiek --- rašyba --- Linguistik --- lessicologia --- leksikologi --- foneetika --- fonetika --- stavning --- gramatikë --- sanasto-oppi --- etimologia --- sanasaíocht --- semantică --- grammaire --- jelentéstan --- семантика --- morfológia --- aplikovaná lingvistika --- lexicologie --- monikielisyys --- ilteangachas --- vícejazyčnost --- повеќејазичност --- flersprogethed --- multilingvism --- plurilingüismo --- multilingwiżmu --- wielojęzyczność --- mitmekeelsus --- flerspråkighet --- poliglottismo --- daugiakalbystė --- вишејезичност --- viacjazyčnosť --- többnyelvűség --- višejezičnost --- multilinguisme --- multilinguismo --- Mehrsprachigkeit --- daudzvalodība --- shumëgjuhësi --- πολυγλωσσία --- многоезичие --- večjezičnost --- veeltaligheid --- ilteangachas pobail --- multilingvisms --- multilingvismus --- multilingvizmus --- soknyelvűség --- мултилингвизам --- nacionalni jezik --- národní jazyk --- język narodowy --- štátny jazyk --- langue nationale --- língua nacional --- valsts valoda --- nationalsprog --- limba națională --- nationalspråk --- nacionalinė kalba --- kansalliskieli --- Landessprache --- teanga náisiúnta --- национален език --- lengua nacional --- nationale taal --- εθνική γλώσσα --- riigikeel --- nemzeti nyelv --- lingwa nazzjonali --- lingua nazionale --- nationalt sprog --- kansallinen kieli --- landstaal --- Historical Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Anthropology. --- Langage --- Acquisition