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Endotoxins --- Lipopolysaccharides --- Bacterial Toxins --- Bacteria
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Nitrates. --- Cyanobacterial toxins. --- Carcinogens --- Nitrates --- Nitrites --- Bacterial Toxins --- Cyanobacteria --- Marine Toxins --- Microcystins --- Peptides, Cyclic --- adverse effects
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Bacterial toxins --- Bacteriële toxinen --- Cancer causing agents --- Carcinogenen --- Carcinogenic agents --- Carcinogens --- Carcinogènes --- Oncogens --- Toxinen [Bacteriële ] --- Toxines bactériennes --- Cyanobacterial toxins --- Nitrates --- Nitrate salts --- Nitric acid --- Oxysalts --- Blue-green algal toxins --- Cyanobacteria toxins --- Cyanotoxins
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Catfishes --- Cyanobacterial toxins --- Cyanobacteria --- Toxicology --- Analysis --- Analysis. --- Bacteria, Blue-green --- Blue-green algae --- Blue-green bacteria --- Blue-greens (Microorganisms) --- Cryptophyceae --- Cyanochloronta --- Cyanophyceae --- Cyanophycota --- Cyanophyta --- Myxophyceae --- Myxophyta --- Phycochromophyceae --- Schizophyceae --- Prokaryotes --- Blue-green algal toxins --- Cyanobacteria toxins --- Cyanotoxins --- Bacterial toxins --- Catfish --- Nematognathi --- Ostariophysi --- Siluriformes --- Siluroidea --- Osteichthyes
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Venom --- Venom --- Venoms. --- Antivenins. --- Venom. --- Venoms. --- Venoms --- Antivenins --- Poisonous animals --- Toxins --- Venoms --- Antivenins --- Poisonous animals --- Toxins --- Anti-Venins --- Anti-Venoms --- Antivenoms --- Anti Venins --- Anti Venoms --- Venoms --- Antidotes --- Snake Bites --- Snake Venoms --- Venoms --- Venom --- Research --- antagonists & inhibitors
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Poisonous snakes --- Snake toxin --- Snake toxins --- Snake venom --- Snakes --- Venomous snakes --- Vipers --- Poisonous animals --- Venom --- Therapeutic use. --- Venom.
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Mycotoxins are made by different biosynthetic pathways, and they have an extremely wide range of pharmacological effects. This book will update readers on several cutting-edge aspects of mycotoxin research, including topics such as: new analytical methods for detection; the adoption of an ancient Mexican process for detoxification of aflatoxins; mycotoxin management in Ireland, Lithuania and South America; mycotoxin reduction through plant breeding and integrated management practices; and natural aflatoxin inhibitors from medicinal plants. Further contributions examine ochratoxins, selected trichothecenes, zearalenone, and aflatoxin-like gene clusters, as well as sclerotial development in Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Of particular interest are the chapters on the potential use of mycotoxins as bioweapons. This book will stimulate new thinking on the need to develop therapeutic as well as preventative interventions to reduce the toxicological threat of mycotoxins.
Life Sciences. --- Eukaryotic Microbiology. --- Food Science. --- Agriculture. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Life sciences. --- Toxicology. --- Food science. --- Microbiology. --- Sciences de la vie --- Toxicologie --- Agriculture --- Microbiologie --- Mycotoxins. --- Food contamination. --- Feeds --- Biological weapons. --- Animal Feed --- Biological Warfare Agents. --- Food --- Food Microbiology. --- Contamination. --- microbiology. --- toxicity. --- Feeds -- Contamination. --- Mycotoxins --- Food contamination --- Biological weapons --- Food Microbiology --- Biological Warfare Agents --- Microbiology --- Environmental Microbiology --- Weapons --- Crops, Agricultural --- Biology --- Food Contamination --- Food and Beverages --- Weapons of Mass Destruction --- Toxins, Biological --- Food Technology --- Biological Factors --- Food Safety --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Food Industry --- Environmental Pollution --- Public Health --- Manufactured Materials --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Industry --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Toxicology & Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Contamination --- Bacteriological weapons --- Biological warfare agents --- Bioweapons --- Contaminated food --- Foods, Contaminated --- Fungal toxins --- Pharmacology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biotechnology. --- Weapons of mass destruction --- Biosecurity --- Contamination (Technology) --- Food adulteration and inspection --- Fungal metabolites --- Microbial toxins --- Mycotoxicoses --- Toxigenic fungi
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Endotoxins are potentially toxic compounds produced by Gram-negative bacteria including some pathogens. Unlike exotoxins, which are secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, endotoxins are comprised of structural components of bacteria. Endotoxins can cause a whole-body inflammatory state, sepsis, leading to low blood pressure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. This book brings together contributions from researchers in the forefront of these subjects. It is divided into two sections. The first deals with how endotoxins are synthesized and end up on the bacterial surface. The second discussed how endotoxins activate TLR4 and, in turn, how TLR4 generates the molecular signals leading to infectious and inflammatory diseases. The way endotoxins interact with the host cells is fundamental to understanding the mechanism of sepsis, and recent research on these aspects of endotoxins has served to illuminate previously undescribed functions of the innate immune system. This volume presents a description of endotoxins according to their genetic constitution, structure, function and mode of interaction with host cells.
Endotoxins -- Pathophysiology. --- Endotoxins. --- Septic shock -- Molecular aspects. --- Endotoxins --- Septic shock --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Toll-Like Receptors --- Bacterial Toxins --- Receptors, Pattern Recognition --- Toxins, Biological --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Physiology --- Toll-Like Receptor 4 --- Receptors, Immunologic --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Biological Factors --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Membrane Proteins --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Biology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Pathophysiology --- Molecular aspects --- Bacterial pyrogens --- Endotoxin --- Lipopolysaccharides, Microbial --- Microbial lipopolysaccharides --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Medical microbiology. --- Pharmacology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Biomedicine. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Bacterial cell walls --- Bacterial toxins --- Gram-negative bacteria --- Microbial lipids --- Microbial polysaccharides --- Pyrogens --- Microbiology. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Toxicology. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect
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Circulation of blood is vital for the survival of vertebrates, including man. Mainly, it plays an important role in carrying food nutrients and oxygen to every tissue and organ and in removing all waste products and carbon dioxide. Any imbalance in the hemostatic and cardiovascular systems can lead to death and severe debility. A number of animals have developed mechanisms to target these systems and exploit the vulnerability. In some species (for example, snakes), such mechanisms are used to immobilize and kill the victim/prey, whereas in others (for example, insects, such as leaches, mosquitoes and ticks), they are used to provide a continuous supply of blood. These mechanisms include, but are not limited to, procoagulant and anticoagulant actions that affect the coagulation cascade and platelet aggregation, as well as altering vasodilatory responses. In all these various animals, these mechanisms have evolved to perfection over millions of years to support their survival. In last 3-4 decades, due to the efforts of scientists from various backgrounds including biology, protein chemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, hematology, and structural biology, significant progress in understanding the structure-function relationships, as well as the mechanism of action have been made in a number of exogenous factors that affect blood coagulation, platelet aggregation and vasodilation from various animals. These exogenous factors have contributed significantly to the development of research tools as well as providing new therapeutic agents. With the increase average age of the population coupled with changes in life style in recent years, there has been a significant increase in cardiovascular and hematological disorders. Thus scientists in both academic institutions as well as the pharmaceutical industry are developing better therapeutic agents to improve the quality of life. This impetus has lead to the search for novel agents from various sources that interfere with cardiovascular and hematalogical processes. Although at first glance exogenous factors appear to function as ‘villains’, several life-saving drugs have been developed based upon these factors. Such drugs or drug leads include those that inhibit the angiotensin converting enzymes (Captopril and Enalapril), that block platelet receptors (Eptifibatide and Tirofiban), or that digest thrombotic plugs (Alfimeprase and bat plasminogen activator) to name a few. Several new and exciting success stories are currently unfolding. In this book, recent studies on some of the exogenous factors that play crucial roles in cardiovascular and hematological disorders are reviewed in order to consolidate the efforts in this area of research and to recruit new, talented researchers. The 25-30 review chapters, each written by experts in their field, compiled herein are devoted to exogenous factors affecting platelet aggregation, anticoagulant and procoagulant proteins, fibrinolytic proteins and hypotensive agents (For details see, Contents of the Book). This book is intended to help to create elevated awareness and enthusiasm in the field of exogenous factors. I believe that this book will provide greater impetus to the search for novel proteins based on naturally occurring exogenous factors. This will be the first book dealing extensively with exogenous factors in the last 25 years. The book will provide a ready reference to the different approaches used to solve complex problems in protein chemistry and pharmacology of exogenous factors. The book will update our understanding of the structure-function relationships and mechanisms of action of exogenous factors and provide great insights into future directions for solving the remaining challenges.
Blood -- Coagulation. --- Blood platelet disorders. --- Hemostasis. --- Complex Mixtures --- Bodily Secretions --- Peptides --- Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases --- Blood Physiological Processes --- Toxins, Biological --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Biological Factors --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Blood Physiological Phenomena --- Fluids and Secretions --- Diseases --- Salivary Proteins and Peptides --- Proteins --- Venoms --- Hemostasis --- Hematologic Diseases --- Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena --- Anatomy --- Phenomena and Processes --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physiology --- Hematology. --- Physiology. --- Haemostasis --- Medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Haematology --- Internal medicine --- Blood --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Hemorrhage --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect
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