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Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Introduction to Software Engineering Management 3 The Software Life Cycle Revisited 4 Configuration Management 5 People Management and Team Organization 6 On Managing Software Quality 7 Cost Estimation 8 Project Planning and Control 9 Requirements Engineering 10 Modeling 11 Software Architecture 12 Software Design 13 Software Testing 14 Software Maintenance 15 Software Tools 16 User Interface Design 17 Software Reusability 18 Component-Based Software Engineering 19 Service Orientation 20 Global Software Development Bibliography Index

Programming --- programmeren (informatica) --- software engineering

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Humans employ mostly natural languages in describing and representing problems, c- puting and reasoning, arriving at ?nal conclusions described similarly as words in a natural language or as the form of mental perceptions. To make machines imitate humans’ mental activities, the key point in terms of machine intelligence is to process uncertain information by means of natural languages with vague and imprecise concepts. Zadeh (1996a) proposed a concept of Computing with Words (CWW) to model and c- pute with linguistic descriptions that are propositions drawn from a natural language. CWW, followed the concept of linguistic variables (Zadeh, 1975a,b) and fuzzy sets (Zadeh, 1965), has been developed intensively and opened several new vast research ?elds as well as applied in various areas, particularly in the area of arti?cial intelligence. Zadeh (1997, 2005) emphasized that the core conceptions in CWW are linguistic variables and fuzzy logic (or approximate reasoning). In a linguistic variable, each linguistic value is explained by a fuzzy set (also called semantics of the linguistic value), its membership function is de?ned on the universe of discourse of the linguistic variable. By fuzzy sets, linguistic information or statements are quanti?ed by membership functions, and infor- tion propagation is performed by approximate reasoning. The use of linguistic variables implies processes of CWW such as their fusion, aggregation, and comparison. Different computational approaches in the literature addressed those processes (Wang, 2001; Zadeh and Kacprzyk, 1999a, b). Membership functions are generally at the core of many fuzzy-set theories based CWW.

Computer. Automation --- NLP (neurolinguïstisch programmeren)

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While compilers for high-level programming languages are large complex software systems, they have particular characteristics that differentiate them from other software systems. Their functionality is almost completely well-defined – ideally there exist complete precise descriptions of the source and target languages, while additional descriptions of the interfaces to the operating system, programming system and programming environment, and to other compilers and libraries are often available. The implementation of application systems directly in machine language is both difficult and error-prone, leading to programs that become obsolete as quickly as the computers for which they were developed. With the development of higher-level machine-independent programming languages came the need to offer compilers that were able to translate programs into machine language. Given this basic challenge, the different subtasks of compilation have been the subject of intensive research since the 1950s. This book is not intended to be a cookbook for compilers, instead the authors' presentation reflects the special characteristics of compiler design, especially the existence of precise specifications of the subtasks. They invest effort to understand these precisely and to provide adequate concepts for their systematic treatment. This is the first book in a multivolume set, and here the authors describe what a compiler does, i.e., what correspondence it establishes between a source and a target program. To achieve this the authors specify a suitable virtual machine (abstract machine) and exactly describe the compilation of programs of each source language into the language of the associated virtual machine for an imperative, functional, logic and object-oriented programming language. This book is intended for students of computer science. Knowledge of at least one imperative programming language is assumed, while for the chapters on the translation of functional and logic programming languages it would be helpful to know a modern functional language and Prolog. The book is supported throughout with examples, exercises and program fragments.

Computer science --- Programming --- programmeren (informatica) --- programmeertalen

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departement Handelswetenschappen en Bedrijfskunde 10 --- programmeren --- Macintosh; iMac --- iPad

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The Spring framework is growing. While Java EE has largely been a prescription of architecture (the Java Pet Store and the Sun blueprints, for example), the Spring framework has always been about choice. Java EE focused on a best-practices-oriented solution, largely to the detriment of alternative solutions. When the Spring framework debuted, few would have agreed that Java EE represented the best-in-breed architectures of the day. Each release sees the introduction of a myriad of new features designed to both simplify and enable solutions. With Spring 2.0 and later, the Spring platform started targeting multiple platforms. The framework provided services on top of existing platforms, as always, but was decoupled from the underlying platform wherever possible. Java EE is still a major reference point, but not the only target. OSGi (a promising technology for modular architectures) has been a big part of the SpringSource strategy. Additionally, with the introduction of annotation-centric frameworks and XML schemas, SpringSource could build frameworks that effectively modeled the domain of the problem itself, in effect creating DSLs. In short order, frameworks built on top of the Spring framework emerged supporting application integration, batch processing, Flex integration, OSGi, and much more.

Programming --- Computer. Automation --- computerbesturingssystemen --- programmeren (informatica) --- software engineering --- Java (informatica)