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"Transnational spatial relations offer a key point from which to study the geographies of contemporary globalization. This book assesses the possible cross-fertilization between two of the most notable analytical frameworks in this area: the world city network (WCN) framework, in which researchers have studied the emergence of a globalized urban system; and secondly, the global commodity chain (GCC) framework, in which researchers have scrutinized the interconnected functions, operations and transactions through which specific goods are produced, distributed and consumed in a globalized economy. Both literatures have emerged as critiques of conventional, state-centric social science interpretations of their subject matters, and they both propose what might be called 'global network alternatives'. Bringing together contributions of key researchers from human geography, economics, and sociology, the editors take advantage of this parallel to investigate how both models may benefit from each other"--

Urban economics. --- Primary commodities. --- Cities and towns. --- Economie urbaine --- Villes --- Cities and towns --- Primary commodities --- Urban economics --- Bewoning leefgemeenschap --- Geografie --- Sociale geografie --- Bewoning en leefgemeenschap. --- Globalization --- Mondialisation --- Produits de base --- 911.3:33 --- 911.3:32 --- 911.375 --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Basic commodities --- Commodities, Basic --- Commodities, Primary --- Primary products --- Commercial products --- City economics --- Economics of cities --- Economics --- Economische geografie --- Geopolitiek. Politieke geografie --- Urban settlements (their study and geography). Towns. Cities --- Economic aspects --- Bewoning leefgemeenschap. --- 911.3:32 Geopolitiek. Politieke geografie

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The recent boom and bust in commodity prices has raised concerns about the impact of volatile commodity prices on Latin American countries’ fiscal positions. Using a novel quarterly data set-which includes unique country-specific commodity price indices and a comprehensive measure of public expenditures-this paper analyzes the dynamic effects of commodity price fluctuations on fiscal revenues and expenditures for eight commodity-exporting Latin American countries. The results indicate that Latin American countries’ fiscal positions react strongly to shocks to commodity prices, yet there are marked differences across countries. Fiscal variables in Venezuela display the highest sensitivity to commodity price shocks, with expenditures reacting significantly more than revenues. At the other end of the spectrum, in Chile expenditure reacts very little to commodity price fluctuations, and the dynamic responses of its fiscal indicators are very similar to those seen in high-income commodity-exporting countries. This distinct behavior across countries may relate to institutional arrangements, which in some cases include the efficient application of fiscal rules amid political commitment and high standards of transparency.

Primary commodities --- Prices --- Commodity exchanges --- Fiscal policy --- Econometric models. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Commodities exchange --- Commodity markets --- Exchanges, Commodity --- Exchanges, Produce --- Produce exchanges --- Futures market --- Commercial products --- Produce trade --- Speculation --- Commodity prices --- Justum pretium --- Price theory --- Consumption (Economics) --- Cost --- Costs, Industrial --- Money --- Cost and standard of living --- Supply and demand --- Value --- Wages --- Willingness to pay --- Basic commodities --- Commodities, Basic --- Commodities, Primary --- Primary products --- Government policy --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Commodity Markets --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Public finance & taxation --- Commodity price shocks --- Commodity price fluctuations --- Expenditure --- Commodity price indexes --- Expenditures, Public --- Price indexes --- Chile