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High-Temperature Cuprate Superconductors provides an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the properties of these fascinating materials. The essential properties of high-temperature cuprate superconductors are reviewed on the background of their theoretical interpretation. The experimental results for structural, magnetic, thermal, electric, optical and lattice properties of various cuprate superconductors are presented with respect to relevant theoretical models. A critical comparison of various theoretical models involving strong electron correlations, antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, phonons and excitons provides a background for understanding of the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity. Recent achievements in their applications are also reviewed. A large number of illustrations and tables gives valuable information for specialists. A text-book level presentation with formulation of a general theory of strong-coupling superconductivity will help students and researches to consolidate their knowledge of this remarkable class of materials.

High temperature superconductivity. --- High temperature superconductors. --- Semiconductors. --- High temperature superconductivity --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- High critical temperature superconductivity --- High Tc superconductivity --- Engineering. --- Solid state physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Power electronics. --- Materials science. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Power Electronics, Electrical Machines and Networks. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Solid State Physics. --- Superconductivity --- Materials at low temperatures --- Superconductors --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Production of electric energy or. --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Solids --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Electronics, Power --- Electric power --- Material science --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Materials

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The topic of lattice quantum spin systems is a fascinating and by now well-established branch of theoretical physics. However, many important questions remain to be answered. Their intrinsically quantum mechanical nature and the large (usually effectively infinite) number of spins in macroscopic materials often leads to unexpected or counter-intuitive results and insights. Spin systems are not only the basic models for a whole host of magnetic materials but they are also important as prototypical models of quantum systems. Low dimensional systems (as treated in this primer), in 2D and especially 1D, have been particularly fruitful because their simplicity has enabled exact solutions to be determined in many cases. These exact solutions contain many highly nontrivial features. This book was inspired by a set of lectures on quantum spin systems and it is set at a level of practical detail that is missing in other textbooks in the area. It will guide the reader through the foundations of the field. In particular, the solutions of the Heisenberg and XY models at zero temperature using the Bethe Ansatz and the Jordan-Wigner transformation are covered in some detail. The use of approximate methods, both theoretical and numerical, to tackle more advanced topics is considered. The final chapter describes some very recent applications of approximate methods in order to show some of the directions in which the study of these systems is currently developing.

Nuclear spin --- Quantum theory --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Atomic Physics --- Nuclear spin. --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Spin, Nuclear --- Physics. --- Quantum physics. --- Solid state physics. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Quantum computers. --- Spintronics. --- Quantum Physics. --- Solid State Physics. --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Angular momentum (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear physics --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Fluxtronics --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Spinelectronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology --- Computers --- Solids

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Physical properties and models of electronic structure are analyzed for a new class of high-TC superconductors which belong to iron-based layered compounds. Despite their variable chemical composition and differences in the crystal structure, these compounds possess similar physical characteristics, due to electron carriers in the FeAs layers and the interaction of these carriers with fluctuations of the magnetic order. A tremendous interest towards these materials is explained by the prospects of their practical use. In this monograph, a full picture of the formation of physical properties of these materials, in the context of existing theory models and electron structure studies, is given. The book is aimed at a broad circle of readers: physicists who study electronic properties of the FeAs compounds, chemists who synthesize them and specialists in the field of electronic structure calculations in solids. It is helpful not only to researchers active in the fields of superconductivity and magnetism, but also for graduate and postgraduate students and all those who would like to get acquaintained with this vivid area of the materials science.

Crystals -- Structure. --- High temperature superconductors -- Structure. --- High temperature superconductors. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Thermodynamics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Materials. --- Physics. --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Materials --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Solid State Physics. --- Structural Materials. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Solid state physics. --- Structural materials. --- Materials science. --- Material science --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Solids --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold

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The problem of conventional, low-temperature superconductivity has been regarded as solved since the seminal work of Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS) more than 50 years ago. However, the theory does not allow accurate predictions of some of the most fundamental properties of a superconductor, including the superconducting energy gap on the Fermi surface. This thesis describes the development and scientific implementation of a new experimental method that puts this old problem into an entirely new light. The nominee has made major contributions to the development and implementation of a new experimental method that enhances the resolution of spectroscopic experiments on dispersive lattice-vibrational excitations (the "glue" responsible for Cooper pairing of electrons in conventional superconductors) by more than two orders of magnitude. Using this method,he has discovered an unexpected relationship between the superconducting energy gap and the geometry of the Fermi surface in the normal state, both of which leave subtle imprints in the lattice vibrations that could not be resolved by conventional spectroscopic methods. He has confirmed this relationship on two elemental superconductors and on a series of metallic alloys. This indicates that a mechanism qualitatively beyond the standard BCS theory determines the magnitude and anisotropy of the superconducting gap.

Superconductors. --- Electron-phonon interactions. --- Interactions, Electron-phonon --- Physics. --- Superconductivity. --- Low temperature physics. --- Low temperatures. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Materials --- Electromagnetic interactions --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Cryogenics --- Low temperature physics --- Temperatures, Low --- Temperature --- Cold --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry