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Accretion flows, winds and jets of compact astrophysical objects and stars are generally described within the framework of hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) flows. Analytical analysis of the problem provides profound physical insights, which are essential for interpreting and understanding the results of numerical simulations. Providing such a physical understanding of MHD Flows in Compact Astrophysical Objects is the main goal of this book, which is an updated translation of a successful Russian graduate textbook. The book provides the first detailed introduction into the method of the Grad-Shafranov equation, describing analytically the very broad class of hydrodynamical and MHD flows. It starts with the classical examples of hydrodynamical accretion onto relativistic and nonrelativistic objects. The force-free limit of the Grad-Shafranov equation allows us to analyze in detail the physics of the magnetospheres of radio pulsars and black holes, including the Blandford-Znajek process of energy extraction from a rotating black hole immersed in an external magnetic field. Finally, on the basis of the full MHD version of the Grad-Shafranov equation the author discusses the problems of jet collimation and particle acceleration in Active Galactic Nuclei, radio pulsars, and Young Stellar Objects. The comparison of the analytical results with numerical simulations demonstrates their good agreement. Assuming that the reader is familiar with the basic physical and mathematical concepts of General Relativity, the author uses the 3+1 split approach which allows the formulation of all results in terms of physically clear language of three dimensional vectors. The book contains detailed derivations of equations, numerous exercises, and an extensive bibliography. It therefore serves as both an introductory text for graduate students and a valuable reference work for researchers in the field.

Magnetohydrodynamics --- Astrophysical jets --- Stellar dynamics --- Mathematics --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVPHYSI SPRINGER-B

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Hydraulic engineering. --- Hydraulics. --- Flow of water --- Water --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Flow --- Distribution

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Accretion flows, winds and jets of compact astrophysical objects and stars are generally described within the framework of hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) flows. Analytical analysis of the problem provides profound physical insights, which are essential for interpreting and understanding the results of numerical simulations. Providing such a physical understanding of MHD Flows in Compact Astrophysical Objects is the main goal of this book, which is an updated translation of a successful Russian graduate textbook. The book provides the first detailed introduction into the method of the Grad-Shafranov equation, describing analytically the very broad class of hydrodynamical and MHD flows. It starts with the classical examples of hydrodynamical accretion onto relativistic and nonrelativistic objects. The force-free limit of the Grad-Shafranov equation allows us to analyze in detail the physics of the magnetospheres of radio pulsars and black holes, including the Blandford-Znajek process of energy extraction from a rotating black hole immersed in an external magnetic field. Finally, on the basis of the full MHD version of the Grad-Shafranov equation the author discusses the problems of jet collimation and particle acceleration in Active Galactic Nuclei, radio pulsars, and Young Stellar Objects. The comparison of the analytical results with numerical simulations demonstrates their good agreement. Assuming that the reader is familiar with the basic physical and mathematical concepts of General Relativity, the author uses the 3+1 split approach which allows the formulation of all results in terms of physically clear language of three dimensional vectors. The book contains detailed derivations of equations, numerous exercises, and an extensive bibliography. It therefore serves as both an introductory text for graduate students and a valuable reference work for researchers in the field.

Astrophysical jets -- Mathematics. --- Magnetohydrodynamics -- Mathematics. --- Stellar dynamics -- Mathematics. --- Magnetohydrodynamics --- Astrophysical jets --- Stellar dynamics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematics --- Mathematics. --- Dynamics, Stellar --- Stars --- Magneto-hydrodynamics --- MHD (Physics) --- Dynamics --- Physics. --- Gravitation. --- Astrophysics. --- Space sciences. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Celestial mechanics --- Jets --- Radio sources (Astronomy) --- Fluid dynamics --- Plasma dynamics --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Properties

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Astronomical jets are key astrophysical phenomena observed in gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei or young stars. Research on them has largely occurred within the domains of astronomical observations, astrophysical modeling and numerical simulations, but the recent advent of high energy density facilities has added experimental control to jet studies. Front-line research on jet launching and collimation requires a highly interdisciplinary approach and an elevated level of sophistication. Bridging the gaps between pure magnetohydrodynamics, thermo-chemical evolution, high angular resolution spectro-imaging and laboratory experiments is no small matter. This volume strives to bridge those very gaps. It offers a series of lectures which, taken as whole, act as a thorough reference for the foundations of this discipline. These lectures address the following: · laboratory jets physics from laser and z-pinch plasma experiments, · the magnetohydrodynamic theory of relativistic and non-relativistic stationary jets, · heating mechanisms in magnetohydrodynamic jets, from the solar magnetic reconnection to the molecular shock heating perspectives, · atomic and molecular microphysics of jet shocked material. In addition to the lectures, the book offers, in closing, a presentation of a series of observational diagnostics, thus allowing for the recovery of basic physical quantities from jet emission lines.

Astrophysical jets --- Stellar dynamics --- Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Astronomy - General --- Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Hydromagnetic instabilities --- Instabilities, Magnetohydrodynamic --- MHD instabilities --- Dynamics, Stellar --- Stars --- Dynamics --- Earth sciences. --- Planetology. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy --- Astrophysics. --- Space sciences. --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Earth Sciences. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Observations. --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences

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It is not an easy task to fascinate a student with a standard course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. If, however, the same material is presented as a tool to explore a natural or a man-made "disaster", both the motivation and the ability to absorb this material increase dramatically. The case studies in this book could help to build an introductory Forensic Geotechnical Engineering course, covering such basic topics as settlements, bearing capacity and excavations. The failure cases considered in this book have something in common – they can be all reasonably well explained using so called "back-of-the-envelope" calculations, i.e., without sophisticated models requiring finite element analysis. These simple methods based on clear mechanical considerations are the endangered species of the computer dominated era, though sometimes they could prevent a disaster caused by a wrong application of computer models. In particular, the upper bound limit analysis has repeatedly proven itself as a powerful tool allowing for sufficiently accurate estimates of the failure loads and leaving a lot of room for creativity. No one is exempt from making mistakes, but repeating well known mistakes reveals a gap in education. One of the objectives of this book is to attempt bridging this gap, at least partially. More failure cases covering a larger area of geotechnical problems are included into the companion book "Geomechanics of Failures: Advanced Topics" by the same authors.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Soil mechanics -- Case studies. --- Soil mechanics -- Mathematical models. --- Structural failures -- Case studies. --- Structural failures -- Mathematical models. --- Structural failures --- Structural analysis (Engineering) --- Soil mechanics --- Mechanical Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil Engineering --- Hydraulic Engineering --- Investigation --- Mathematics --- Mathematical models. --- Collapse of structures --- Failures, Structural --- Soil engineering --- Soils --- Soils (Engineering) --- Mechanics --- Engineering. --- Earth sciences. --- Economic geology. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Economic Geology. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Geology. --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Fracture mechanics --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Safety factor in engineering --- Structural stability --- Geotechnical engineering --- Foundations --- Soil physics --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Geology, economic. --- Geography. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Economic geology --- Physical geology --- Mines and mineral resources --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Mathematics. --- Engineering—Geology. --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Walls --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Details --- Geology --- Flow --- Distribution