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Tropical crops --- Tree crops --- Plant ecophysiology. --- Ecophysiology.

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Amblyopsidae --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Hypogean fishes --- Hypogean fishes --- Adaptation --- Ecophysiology --- Habitat --- Conservation

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Low temperature is a major environmental constraint impacting the geographic distribution and seasonal activity patterns of insects. Written for academic researchers in environmental physiology and entomology, this book explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms that enable insects to cope with a cold environment and places these findings into an evolutionary and ecological context. An introductory chapter provides a primer on insect cold tolerance and subsequent chapters in the first section discuss the organismal, cellular and molecular responses that allow insects to survive in the cold despite their, at best, limited ability to regulate their own body temperature. The second section, highlighting the evolutionary and macrophysiological responses to low temperature, is especially relevant for understanding the impact of global climate change on insect systems. A final section translates the knowledge gained from the rest of the book into practical applications including cryopreservation and the augmentation of pest management strategies.

Insects --- Hexapoda --- Insecta --- Pterygota --- Arthropoda --- Entomology --- Effect of cold on. --- Ecophysiology. --- Cold adaptation. --- Adaptation to cold --- Acclimatization --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Cold --- Physiological effect

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Natural and agro-ecosystems are frequently exposed to natural or synthetic substances, which, while they have no direct nutritional value or significance in metabolism, may negatively affect plant functioning. These, xenobiotics, may originate from both natural (fires, volcano eruptions, soil or rock erosion, biodegradation) and anthropogenic (air and soil pollution, herbicides) sources. And, while affected plants have only a limited number of possibilities for avoiding accumulation of these compounds, they do exhibit several enzymatic reactions for detoxification including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and conjugation reactions. In agro-ecosystems in particular these mechanisms have great significance in relation to herbicide detoxification and tolerance. In this volume an international group of experts present an overview of the nature and distribution of organic xenobiotics, including their uptake, effects on plant functioning and detoxification mechanisms. The particular significance of glutathione S-transferases in bio-indication and bio-monitoring, and in the detoxification of volatile organic air pollutants and herbicides is evaluated, and their potential significance in phytoremediation and bioaccumulation will be discussed. This volume will be of interest to a wide audience, from graduate students to senior researchers in a wide range of disciplines including plant ecology, plant biochemistry, agriculture and environmental management. It will also be of practical interest to environmentalists, policy makers and resource managers.

Plants -- Effect of xenobiotics on. --- Science. --- Xenobiotics -- Metabolic detoxication. --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Ecophysiology. --- Plants --- Xenobiotics. --- Plant physiology. --- Effect of xenobiotics on. --- Foreign chemical compounds --- Foreign compounds --- Xenobiotic compounds --- Plants, Effect of xenobiotics on --- Ecological physiology --- Environmental physiology --- Physiological ecology --- Physiology --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant ecology. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Physiology. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Biochemistry --- Chemicals --- Xenobiotics --- Ecology --- Effect of chemicals on --- Physiological effect --- Environmental toxicology. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental protection --- Sustainable engineering --- Floristic ecology