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Regulatory reform and competition policy are two important and inter-related areas of regulatory policy and public administration. Both can play a key role in improving the quality of regulation, and creating healthy and competitive markets and an attractive investment climate. This in turn leads to greater economic growth, employment and incomes. Part one of this paper discusses definitions and key issues associated with regulation, regulatory quality, and competition policy. This discussion focuses on competition policy as it relates to restrictions on competition and also pro-competitive regulation, which involves protecting consumers through economic regulation. Part two of this paper considers institutions and processes for implementing regulatory quality and competition policy agendas, including regulatory agencies, regulatory reform bodies, competition authorities and broader regulation-making processes. Part three notes the importance of assessing competition policy issues on a case-by-case basis and identifies the main objectives and features of competition policy. This includes a discussion about when competition policy issues are likely to play an important role in regulatory assessment and reform. Part four considers mechanisms for coordinating- where appropriate-competition policy and regulatory quality assessments, including undertaking competition assessments and providing advice to decision makers.

Advisory Services --- Business Environment --- Competition Policy --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Consumer Education --- Consumer Protection --- Consumers --- Developing Countries --- Economic Costs --- Economic Development --- Fair Trade --- Gdp --- Innovation --- Insurance --- Insurance Industry --- International Finance --- Investment Climate --- Job Creation --- Legal System --- Legislation --- Liberalization --- Living Standards --- Monopolies --- Private Sector Development --- Privatization --- Productivity --- Public Policy --- Regulators --- Regulatory Agencies --- Rent Seeking --- Small Businesses --- Technology Transfer --- Telecommunications --- Total Factor Productivity --- Transparency

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This handbook updates and expands upon the learning in IFC's 2000 community development resource guide entitled, Investing in People: Sustaining Communities through Improved Business Practice. It was produced in response to demand from companies for updated how-to guidance and current good practice approaches. Companies around the world engage in community investment efforts as a way to promote local development and benefit stakeholders in their areas of operations. For the private sector, effective community investment programs can help companies gain a social license to operate, access land, reduce project and reputational risks, boost productivity, meet government requirements or global standards, and/or successfully compete for the next venture. The aim of this handbook is to help IFC client companies and the wider private sector operating in emerging markets to think strategically about how they can support community investment programs that are successful, sustainable, and consistent with their business objectives. The handbook is meant for use by anyone who is interested in developing a company-supported community investment program or improving the performance of an existing one. The content of the handbook is organized around seven key areas comprising a comprehensive strategic planning framework for community investment. To help users with practical application, the Handbook is also supplemented by additional tools and information which are included in the tools section or listed under useful references.

Accounting --- Brainstorming --- Business Environment --- Business in Development --- Capacity Building --- Communities --- Community Development and Empowerment --- Community Involvement --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Expenditures --- Managers --- Needs Assessment --- Private Sector Development --- Social Capital --- Social Development --- Social Networks --- Transparency

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The South Asia Payments and Securities Settlement Initiative (SAPI) objective is to describe and assess the payments and securities settlement systems of the countries of South Asia with a view to identifying possible improvement measures in their safety, efficiency and integrity. To assure quality and effectiveness, the SAPI includes two important elements. First, all studies are conducted with the active participation of country officials and the project builds on the existing work being undertaken in the respective countries. Second, the initiative draws on international and national expertise to provide guidance, advice and alternatives to current practices. This report, payments and securities settlement systems in Pakistan, is the first of the public reports in the SAPI series and was prepared with the active support of the State Bank of Pakistan. Economic developments in Pakistan during the last decade have-to a significant extent-been influenced by the Government's program for poverty reduction and the development of markets and the real economy. However, the economic development slowed down in 2008 and 2009, as the macroeconomic situation deteriorated significantly owing to adverse security developments, large price increase of some commodities such as oil and food, global financial turmoil, and national political and security issues. This strong macroeconomic performance resulted from the implementation of a series of important structural reforms. In the early 2000s, the government expanded the role of markets in the economy, privatized a number of large state-owned enterprises, established market-based regulatory bodies, and took steps to reduce the cost of doing business in Pakistan.

Anti-Money Laundering --- Banking Sector --- Collateral --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Financial Regulation & Supervision --- Financial Sector --- Legal Framework --- Monetary Policy --- Regulation and Competition Policy --- Securities --- Securities Markets Policy & Regulation --- Stock Exchanges

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Supply-demand tension has taken its toll in various countries around the world over the last several years. Governments and utilities have faced gaps between electricity supply and demand, which has led to blackouts and load shedding and translated into electricity shortfalls. While countries look to avoid the prospects of supply shortages by, inter alia, strengthening planning capacity and working to achieve a sounder and more sustainable electricity sector, the possibility of shortages in the future remains. This document summarizes the framework for action and a broad menu of options available to policymakers to bridge a supply demand gap in the short- to medium-term.

Climate Change --- E-Business --- Electricity --- Employment --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Demand --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Production --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Supply --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Environment and Natural Resources Management --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Fossil Fuels --- Lighting --- Pollutants --- Power Generation --- Price Elasticity --- Price Volatility --- Private Sector Development --- Regulation and Competition Policy --- Rural Electrification --- Technical Assistance

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This assessment forms part of the joint International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank Indonesia Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) which is being undertaken during 2009-2010. The assessment, which covers the private sector equity and corporate bonds securities system's observance of the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems / International Organization of Securities Commissions (CPSS/IOSCO) recommendations for securities settlement systems, was conducted during an ad hoc mission. The assessment focuses on two types of trades. First the clearing and settlement process is assessed as regards equity transactions traded on the stock exchange Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), cleared through the Clearing and Guarantee Corporation (KPEI) clearing system (e-CLEARS) and settled through the Central Securities Depository for the Stock Exchange securities (KSEI) settlement system (C-BEST). In addition, the assessment focuses on corporate bond transactions, which are traded outside the exchange and settled through the KSEI settlement system (C-BEST).

Access to Information --- Accounting --- Auctions --- Audits --- Bankruptcy --- Capital Markets --- Cash Transfers --- Central Banks --- Collateral --- Corporate Governance --- Debt --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Financial Regulation & Supervision --- Financial Sector --- Financial Stability --- Foreign Banks --- Governance --- Insolvency --- International Financial Architecture --- Legal Framework --- Legal Institutions For A Market Economy --- Legal System --- Migration --- Moral Hazard --- Regulation and Competition Policy --- Risk Management --- Rule of Law --- Securities --- Securities Markets Policy & Regulation --- Settlement Systems --- Standards and Financial Reporting --- Systemic Risk --- Trade and Integration