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Hearing to review the administration and delivery of conservation programs : hearing before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, and Research of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, July 1, 2010.
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Year: 2010 Publisher: Washington : U.S. G.P.O.,

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Agricultural conservation : programs and issues
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ISBN: 1617614149 9781617614149 9781617612886 161761288X Year: 2010 Publisher: Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers,

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The Farm Act's regional equity provision : impacts on conservation program outcomes
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Year: 2010 Publisher: [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,

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Human dimensions of soil and water conservation : a global perspective
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ISBN: 1617615226 9781617615221 9781617289576 1617289574 Year: 2010 Publisher: Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers,


Book
Diversity and biotechnology of ectomycorrhizae
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ISBN: 3642151957 9786612994548 3642151965 1282994549 Year: 2010 Publisher: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag,

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi play multifunctional roles during symbioses with higher plants. They can serve as bioprotectors, biofertilizers, bioremediators and stress indicators. Further, they are the true “mycoindicators” of forest ecosystems, where an enormous diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi can be found. Some ectomycorrhizal fungi also produce edible sporocarps, i.e., fruiting bodies, which are important for the food industry. Ectomycorrhizal fungi also produce various metal chelating molecules, which are of remarkable biotechnological significance and which also secrete useful secondary metabolites. Molecular approaches are required for the identification and differentiation of fungi forming symbioses with higher plants, while molecular tools are important to understand how genes are expressed during symbiosis with higher plants. Students, researchers and teachers of botany, mycology, microbiology, forestry, and biotechnology will find a valuable source of information in this Soil Biology volume.


Book
Phosphorus in action : iological processes in soil phosphorus cycling
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ISBN: 3642152708 9786612994555 3642152716 1282994557 Year: 2010 Publisher: Heidelberg ; New York : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,

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Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource which is essential for life. It is a limiting nutrient in many ecosystems but also a pollutant which can affect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and change the ecology of water bodies. This book collects the existing, up-to-date information on biological processes in soil P cycling, which to date have remained much less understood than physico-chemical processes. The methods section presents spectroscopic techniques, characterization of microbial P forms, as well as the use of tracers, molecular approaches and modeling of soil-plant systems. The section on processes deals with mycorrhizal symbioses, microbial P solubilization, soil macrofauna, phosphatase enzymes and rhizosphere processes. On the system level, P cycling is examined for grasslands, arctic and alpine soils, forest plantations, tropical forests, and dryland regions, while aspects of P management with respect to animal production and cropping are also presented. The final chapter examines the interactions between global change and P cycling.

In vitro culture of mycorrhizas
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ISBN: 1280412879 9786610412877 354027331X 3540240276 3642063152 9783642063152 9783540240273 Year: 2010 Volume: 4 Publisher: Berlin: Springer,

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The ?rst 30 cm of the earth’s surface represents a fragile and valuable ecos- tem, thanks to which terrestrial plants, and indirectly animals and humans, can live. The microbial activity occurring in soil is largely responsible for its physical and nutritional quality. Among the micro-organisms living in soil, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a major role. They are present in all types of soil, everywhere on the planet, living in symbiotic association with the roots of most plant species. They have co-evolved with plants for 400 million years, improving their nutrition and resistance to v- ious types of stress. Present practices in conventional agriculture, which introduce great amounts of chemicals, have eliminated or underexploited the AM symbiosis. The rational exploitation of AM fungi in sustainable agriculture, to help minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, has been hampered by several biological characteristics of these mic- organisms: they cannot be grown in the absence of a plant host and their genetic structure is very complex. Despite these limitations, biologists have made important progress in understanding better the functioning of AM fungi. An in vitro technique has been developed using mycorrhizal root organ cultures, which made it possible to investigate the genetics, cell biology and physiology of AM fungi. We can now be objective enough to critically evaluate the impacts the in vitro technique has had to improve our knowledge on mycorrhizal symbiosis.


Book
Anthropogenic Geomorphology : A Guide to Man-Made Landforms
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ISBN: 9048130573 904813059X 9786612833625 940079178X 1282833626 9048130581 Year: 2010 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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Today, human impact on the environment, and especially on the Earth’s surface, is obvious. We increasingly face the consequences of our interventions, and we must pay more attention to the wider impacts of our activities, which include everything from the extraction of fossil fuels to the influence of tourism. Anthropogenic geomorphology, as the study of the way man affects his physical environment, has therefore developed rapidly as a discipline in recent decades. This volume provides guidance to students discussing the basic topics of anthropogenic geomorphology. The chapters cover both its system, and its connections with other sciences, as well as the way the subject can contribute to coping with practical problems. The book represents all fields of geomorphology, giving an introduction to the diversity of the discipline through examples taken from a range of contexts and periods, and focusing on examples from Europe. It is no accident that anthropogenic geomorphology has been gaining ground within geomorphology itself. Its results advance not only the theoretical development of the science but can be applied directly to social and economic issues. Worldwide, anthropogenic geomorphology is an integral and expanding part of the Earth sciences curricula in higher education, making this volume timely and relevant. Key themes: Anthropogenic Geomorphology - Dynamic equilibrium – Environmentalism - Geomorphic processes - Human impact - Man-made landforms József Szabó is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Debrecen. He is President of the Hungarian Geographical Society, a Corresponding Member of the CERG (Strasbourg) and a Member of the International Landslide Research Group (Palo Alto, California). His research fields are mass movements and other geomorphological processes, land evaluation, anthropogenic geomorphology, geomorphological hazards, and history of physical geography. Lóránt Dávid is a college professor and Head of the Department of Tourism and Regional Development at Károly Róbert College, Gyöngyös. He has longstanding teaching and research experience in the fields of anthropogenic geomorphology, environmental protection, tourism, and regional development, and has worked as an expert in a number of government programs. Dénes Lóczy is an associate professor, Director of the Institute of Environmental Sciences at the University of Pécs. From 2001 to 2005 he was Secretary of the International Association of Geomorphologists (IAG/AIG). He has established and chairs a Working Group on Human Impact on the Landscape (HILS). His research interests are land evaluation, land use studies, floodplain geomorphology, and landscape rehabilitation.


Book
Digital soil mapping : bridging research, environmental application, and operation
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ISBN: 9048188628 9786613002198 1283002191 9048188636 Year: 2010 Publisher: New York : Springer,

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Digital Soil Mapping is the creation and the population of a geographically referenced soil database. It is generated at a given resolution by using field and laboratory observation methods coupled with environmental data through quantitative relationships. Digital soil mapping is advancing on different fronts at different rates all across the world. This book presents the state-of-the art and explores strategies for bridging research, production, and environmental application of digital soil mapping.It includes examples from North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The chapters address the following topics: - exploring new environmental covariates and sampling schemes - using integrated sensors to infer soil properties or status - innovative inference systems predicting soil classes, properties, and estimating their uncertainties - using digital soil mapping and techniques for soil assessment and environmental application - evaluating and using legacy soil data - protocol and capacity building for making digital soil mapping operational around the globe. Key themes: soil science --digital soil mapping - -soil survey and inventory - -soil information -geographic information systems Janis Boettinger is Professor of soil science at Utah State University, engaged in digital soil mapping research and outreach. Alfred E. Hartemink coordinates GlobalSoilMap.net from ISRIC - World Soil Information in The Netherlands. David Howell, Amanda Moore, and Suzann Kienast-Brown are digital soil mapping practitioners in the USA Soil Survey Program.


Book
Biology of earthworms
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ISBN: 364214635X 3642146368 Year: 2010 Publisher: Berlin : Springer,

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Earthworms, which belong to the order Oligochaeta, comprise roughly 3,000 species grouped into five families. Earthworms have been called ‘ecosystem engineers’; much like human engineers, they change the structure of their environments. Earthworms are very versatile and are found in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems. They play an important role in forest and agricultural ecosystems. This Soil Biology volume describes the various facets of earthworms, such as their role in soil improvement, soil structure, and the biocontrol of soil-borne plant fungal diseases. Reviews discuss earthworms’ innate immune system, molecular markers to address various issues of earthworm ecology, earthworm population dynamics, and the influences of organic farming systems and tillage. Further topics include the characteristics of vermicompost, relationships between soil earthworms and enzymes, the role of spermathecae, copulatory behavior, and adjustment of the donated sperm volume.

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