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The Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010–12 aims to serve as a medium-term program for the implementation of the National Development Strategy up to 2015. It will determine the major socioeconomic development of the country during this period, taking into account the impact of the global economic and financial crisis. The PRS, taking into account available resources and additional needs, indicates concrete actions for implementing institutional and economic reforms.

Economic policy -- Tajikistan. --- International finance. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Macroeconomics --- Agribusiness --- Demography --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Education: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Agriculture: General --- Education --- Population & demography --- Labour --- income economics --- Poverty & precarity --- Agricultural economics --- Population and demographics --- Labor --- Poverty --- Agricultural sector --- Economic sectors --- Population --- Labor economics --- Agricultural industries --- Tajikistan, Republic of

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Science --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Agronomy --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Food science and technology --- Gender --- Sustainability --- Agricultural sector --- Development policy --- Food --- Book --- Water --- Ecology --- India

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Poverty in Turkey has declined significantly between 2003 and 2006, as a result of rapid poverty reduction in urban areas. In the same time period, the reduction in poverty in rural areas has been slow or non-existent. As a result, the relative risk of poverty has increased in this time period for those employed in agricultural sector, living in rural areas and in large households. Inequality in urban areas has decreased as a result of high growth in the consumption levels of the urban poor compared to richer deciles, while no significant changes to inequality measures have been noted in rural areas. In fact, the consumption levels of poorest groups in rural Turkey have declined between 2003 and 2006. Child poverty has also been persistent in this time period, with the relative risk of poverty for children (ages0-19) increasing over time.

Agricultural Sector --- Agricultural Workers --- Cash Transfers --- Development Policy --- Economics --- Educational Attainment --- Food Consumption --- Health Insurance --- Household Size --- Household Surveys --- Income Distribution --- Inequality --- Per Capita Income --- Poverty Reduction --- Price Stability --- Rural Population --- Rural Poverty --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Services & Transfers to Poor --- Unemployment --- Urban Areas --- Urban Poor --- Urban Poverty --- Vulnerable Groups

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Diverse contractual arrangements and forms of exchange established between smallholder farmers, their households and community work groups, are important to our understanding of processes of agrarian transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little has been written in this area. Challenging portrayals of West African female farmers as a homogenous group, the present study provides an ethnographic account of the contractual relations established between female hosts and migrants, in the exchange of land and labour for agrarian production in a Gambian community. Further, it demonstrates the way in which, despite the liberalization of the economy, local cultural practices, such as that of entrustment, continue to be of significance in affecting the nature and particular character of agrarian transformation and postcolonial capitalist development.

Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Economic sociology --- Gambia --- Contract labor -- Gambia -- Brikama. --- Land reform -- Gambia -- Brikama. --- Women farmers -- Gambia -- Brikama. --- Land reform --- Women farmers --- Contract labor --- Business & Economics --- Real Estate, Housing & Land Use --- Labor, Contract (Employees) --- Women as farmers --- Agrarian reform --- Employees --- Padrone system --- Peonage --- Service, Compulsory non-military --- Farmers --- Rural women --- Women in agriculture --- Economic policy --- Land use, Rural --- Social policy --- Agriculture and state --- E-books --- Land ownership --- Agricultural sector --- Labour --- Legislation --- Book --- Daily life

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Tunisia’s reliance on European countries for export earnings, tourism, remittances, and foreign direct investment inflows has remained high over the last decades. Remittances and tourism receipts have been broadly stable in percent of GDP, with somewhat more fluctuations in the latter caused in part by identifiable political events that harmed tourism in the region. Tunisia’s annual growth rate appears to have become increasingly synchronized over time with the annual growth rate of its main European trading partners.

Economic policy -- Tunisia. --- International finance. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Econometrics --- Exports and Imports --- Agribusiness --- Industries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism --- Production and Operations Management --- Sports --- Gambling --- Restaurants --- Recreation --- Tourism --- Time-Series Models --- Dynamic Quantile Regressions --- Dynamic Treatment Effect Models --- Diffusion Processes --- Trade: General --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Agriculture: General --- Hospitality, leisure & tourism industries --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- International economics --- Macroeconomics --- Agricultural economics --- Vector autoregression --- Exports --- Output gap --- Agricultural sector --- Economic sectors --- Econometric analysis --- International trade --- Production --- Economic theory --- Agricultural industries --- Tunisia