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Le 6 mai 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy était élu président de la République. Son programme promettait le changement à une France réputée irréformable. Trois ans plus tard, des domaines aussi sensibles que les retraites, le contrat de travail, la représentativité syndicale ont fait l'objet de lois, ou de protocoles d'accord, sans anicroche notable. Nicolas Sarkozy serait-il en train de réussir là où ses prédécesseurs ont échoué ? Un examen minutieux des réformes entreprises prouve que la réalité est tout autre. En s'attachant à quelques cas particuliers - réforme des régimes spéciaux de retraite de la SNCF, d'EDF et de la RAFT, "modernisation" du marché du travail, réforme des taxis, hausse du pouvoir d'achat défiscalisation des heures supplémentaires... - et en retraçant le cheminement tortueux qui mène des intentions aux résultats, cet ouvrage effectue une plongée salutaire dans les failles de notre système politique et permet de comprendre pourquoi la méthode choisie par Nicolas Sarkozy, mêlant conciliation et volonté d'étouffement, a échoué.
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Flexible labor markets require geographically mobile workers to be efficient. Otherwise, firms can take advantage of the immobility of workers and extract monopsony rents. In cultures with strong family ties, moving away from home is costly. Thus, individuals with strong family ties rationally choose regulated labor markets to avoid moving and limiting the monopsony power of firms, even though regulation generates lower employment and income. Empirically, we do find that individuals who inherit stronger family ties are less mobile, have lower wages, are less often employed and support more stringent labor market regulations. There are also positive cross-country correlations between the strength of family ties and labor market rigidities. Finally, we find positive correlations between labor market rigidities at the beginning of the twenty first century and family values prevailing before World War II, which suggests that labor market regulations have deep cultural roots.
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Flexible labor markets require geographically mobile workers to be efficient. Otherwise firms can take advantage of the immobility of workers and extract rents at the expense of workers. In cultures with strong family ties, moving away from home is costly. Thus, to limit the rents of firms and avoid moving, individuals with strong family ties rationally choose regulated labor markets, even though regulation generates lower employment and income. Empirically, we do find that individuals who inherit stronger family ties are less mobile, have lower wages, are less often employed and support more stringent labor market regulations. We find a positive association between labor market rigidities at the beginning of the twenty first century and family values prevailing before World War II, and between family structures in the Middle Ages and current desire for labor market regulation. Both results suggest that labor market regulations have deep cultural roots.
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