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This is a collection of essays by John Martin Fischer that seeks to show important connections between the metaphysics of death and free will. Fischer defends the commonsense views that death can be bad and immortal life can be good, and argues that in acting freely, we transform our lives so that our stories matter.

Free will and determinism. --- Metaphysics. --- Death. --- Life. --- Life --- Death --- Dying --- End of life --- Terminal care --- Terminally ill --- Thanatology --- Philosophy --- God --- Ontology --- Philosophy of mind --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy)

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Arthur Schopenhauer's The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics (1841) consists of two groundbreaking essays: 'On the Freedom of the Will' and 'On the Basis of Morals'. The essays make original contributions to ethics and display Schopenhauer's erudition, prose-style and flair for philosophical controversy, as well as philosophical views that contrast sharply with the positions of both Kant and Nietzsche. Written accessibly, they do not presuppose the intricate metaphysics which Schopenhauer constructs elsewhere. This is the first English translation of these works to re-unite both essays in one volume. It offers a new translation by Christopher Janaway, together with an introduction, editorial notes on Schopenhauer's vocabulary and the different editions of his essays, a chronology of his life, a bibliography, and a glossary of names.

Ethics. --- Ethics --- Free will and determinism --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Kant, Immanuel, --- Kant, Emmanuel --- Kant, Emanuel --- Kant, Emanuele --- General ethics --- Kant, Immanuel --- Kant, I. --- Kānt, ʻAmmānūʼīl, --- Kant, Immanouel, --- Kant, Immanuil, --- Kʻantʻŭ, --- Kant, --- Kant, Emmanuel, --- Ḳanṭ, ʻImanuʼel, --- Kant, E., --- Kant, Emanuel, --- Cantơ, I., --- Kant, Emanuele, --- Kant, Im. --- קאנט --- קאנט, א. --- קאנט, עמנואל --- קאנט, עמנואל, --- קאנט, ע. --- קנט --- קנט, עמנואל --- קנט, עמנואל, --- كانت ، ايمانوئل --- كنت، إمانويل، --- カントイマニユエル, --- Kangde, --- 康德, --- Kanṭ, Īmānwīl, --- كانط، إيمانويل --- Kant, Manuel, --- Free will and determinism. --- Arts and Humanities

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How is free will possible in the light of the physical and chemical underpinnings of brain activity and recent neurobiological experiments? How can the emergence of complexity in hierarchical systems such as the brain, based at the lower levels in physical interactions, lead to something like genuine free will? The nature of our understanding of free will in the light of present-day neuroscience is becoming increasingly important because of remarkable discoveries on the topic being made by neuroscientists at the present time, on the one hand, and its crucial importance for the way we view ourselves as human beings, on the other. A key tool in understanding how free will may arise in this context is the idea of downward causation in complex systems, happening coterminously with bottom up causation, to form an integral whole. Top-down causation is usually neglected, and is therefore emphasized in the other part of the book’s title. The concept is explored in depth, as are the ethical and legal implications of our understanding of free will. This book arises out of a workshop held in California in April of 2007, which was chaired by Dr. Christof Koch. It was unusual in terms of the breadth of people involved: they included physicists, neuroscientists, psychiatrists, philosophers, and theologians. This enabled the meeting, and hence the resulting book, to attain a rather broader perspective on the issue than is often attained at academic symposia. The book includes contributions by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, George F. R. Ellis , Christopher D. Frith, Mark Hallett, David Hodgson, Owen D. Jones, Alicia Juarrero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Christof Koch, Hans Küng, Hakwan C. Lau, Dean Mobbs, Nancey Murphy, William Newsome, Timothy O’Connor, Sean A.. Spence, and Evan Thompson.

Consciousness. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Free will and determinism. --- Consciousness --- Neurobiology --- Brain --- Personal Autonomy --- Biology --- Principle-Based Ethics --- Psychophysiology --- Freedom --- Cognition --- Central Nervous System --- Neurosciences --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Ethics --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Human Rights --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Mental Processes --- Nervous System --- Humanities --- Social Control, Formal --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Anatomy --- Philosophy --- Sociology --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Care --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Atomic Physics --- Psychology --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Physics. --- Neurosciences. --- Dynamics. --- Ergodic theory. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Medical laws and legislation. --- Vibration. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Vibration, Dynamical Systems, Control. --- Dynamical Systems and Ergodic Theory. --- Medical Law. --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Spirit --- Self --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Differentiable dynamical systems. --- Public health laws. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Mathematical statistics --- Communicable diseases --- Public health --- Medical laws and legislation --- Differential dynamical systems --- Dynamical systems, Differentiable --- Dynamics, Differentiable --- Differential equations --- Global analysis (Mathematics) --- Topological dynamics --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Cycles --- Mechanics --- Sound --- Statistical methods --- Law and legislation --- Law, Medical --- Medical personnel --- Medical registration and examination --- Medicine --- Physicians --- Surgeons --- Medical policy --- Medical jurisprudence --- Ergodic transformations --- Continuous groups --- Mathematical physics --- Measure theory --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Free will and determinism --- Causation