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Book
Year: 2009 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,
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The authors use recent data from the 2006 National Family Health Survey of India to explore the relationship between religion and demographic behavior. They find that fertility and mortality vary not only between religious groups, but also across caste groups. These groups also differ with respect to socio-economic status. The central finding of this paper is that despite their socio-economic disadvantages, Muslims have higher fertility than their Hindu counterparts and also exhibit lower levels of infant mortality (particularly female infant mortality). This effect is robust to the inclusion of controls for non-religious factors such as socio-economic status and area of residence. This result has important policy implications because it suggests that India's problem of "missing women" may be concentrated in particular groups. The authors conclude that religion and caste play a key role in determining the demographic characteristics of India.
Economic status --- Family Health --- Fertility --- Fertility Rate --- Gender --- Gender bias --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Important policy --- Infant mortality --- Law and Development --- Levels of infant --- Mortality --- Number of children --- Policy implications --- Policy Research --- Population growth --- Population growth rate --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Religious groups --- Respect --- Sex --- Son preference
Book
Year: 2009 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,
Abstract | Keywords | Export | Availability | Bookmark
Loading...Choose an application
- Reference Manager
- EndNote
- RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)
Son preference is known to be found in certain types of cultures, that is patrilineal cultures. But what explains the fact that China, South Korea, and Northwest India manifest such extreme child sex ratios compared with other patrilineal societies? This paper argues that what makes these societies unique is that their pre-modern political and administrative systems used patrilineages to organize and administer their citizens. The interplay of culture, state, and political processes generated uniquely rigid patriliny and son preference. The paper also argues that the advent of the modern state in these settings has unraveled the underpinnings of the rigid patrilineal rules, and unleashed a variety of forces that reduce son preference. Firstly, the modern state has powerful tools for incorporating and managing its citizenry, rendering patrilineages a threat rather than an asset for the state. Secondly, the modern state has brought in political, social, and legal reforms aimed to challenge traditional social hierarchies, including the age and gender hierarchies of the kinship system. Thirdly, industrialization and urbanization have ushered in new modes of social organization, which reduce the hold of clans and lineages. Studies of the impact of the media suggest that states can accelerate the resultant decline in son preference, through media efforts to help parents perceive that daughters can now be as valuable as sons.
Anthropology --- Child mortality --- Citizens --- Culture & Development --- Differentials in mortality --- Discrimination --- Early childhood --- Gender --- Gender and Law --- Gender Relations --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human Development --- Industrialization --- Kinship --- Law and Development --- Policy Research --- Political systems --- Population and Development --- Population Policies --- Preference for sons --- Progress --- Public Services --- Sex --- Sex ratio --- Sex ratios --- Son Preference --- Urbanization
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