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2009 (3)

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Book
Fatal accidents
Author:
ISBN: 1845696557 1845695305 9781845696559 9781420094831 1420094831 9781845695309 Year: 2009 Publisher: Cambridge, UK Boca Raton, FL Woodhead Pub. CRC Press

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Abstract

Accidents are generally regarded as unexpected events that do not fall into any regular pattern. Such is not the case. Analysis of the historical records of accident mortality rates in general, and specifically in industry and transport, shows that they diminish with the passage of time in an ordered fashion, although we are not consciously aware of this fact.In his challenging book Fatal Accidents, the author, in order to explain this paradox, proposes a model of human behaviour in which the reduction in fatal accident rates results from a development of skill, such that the populatio


Book
The ETTO principle
Author:
ISBN: 0754676773 0754676781 9786612243349 1282243349 075469349X 1317033604 1317033612 1315616246 9780754693499 9781317033608 9781317033615 9780754676782 9780754676775 9781315616247 9781282243347 6612243341 9781317033592 1317033590 Year: 2009 Publisher: Farnham, England Burlington, VT Ashgate

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"Accident investigation and risk assessment have for decades focused on the human factor, particularly 'human error'. Countless books and papers have been written about how to identify, classify, eliminate, prevent and compensate for it. This bias towards the study of performance failures, leads to a neglect of normal or 'error-free' performance and the assumption that as failures and successes have different origins there is little to be gained from studying them together. Erik Hollnagel believes this assumption is false and that safety cannot be attained only by eliminating risks and failures. The ETTO Principle looks at the common trait of people at work to adjust what they do to match the conditions - to what has happened, to what happens, and to what may happen. It proposes that this efficiency-thoroughness trade-off (ETTO) - usually sacrificing thoroughness for efficiency - is normal. While in some cases the adjustments may lead to adverse outcomes, these are due to the very same processes that produce successes, rather than to errors and malfunctions. The ETTO Principle removes the need for specialised theories and models of failure and 'human error' and offers a viable basis for effective and just approaches to both reactive and proactive safety management."--Provided by publisher.


Book
Causes and circumstances of accidents at work in the EU
Author:
ISBN: 9789279118067 9279118064 9279118080 9789279118081 Year: 2009 Publisher: Luxembourg: Office for official publications of the European Communities,

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Abstract

Presents detailed analysis of the causes and circumstances of accidents at work in the European Union to help identify where, and especially how, accidents occur, with the aim of establishing a prevention policy. This report presents the detailed analysis of causes and circumstances of accidents at work in the European Union. This publication consists of two parts "Statistical analysis of ESAW Phase III data" and "Implications on preventive measures". The aim of the first part is to describe the situation regarding accidents at work in statistical terms using available ESAW data, and in particular ESAW Phase III data related to the causes and circumstances of accidents at work. On the basis of conclusions drawn from the statistical analysis, the second part provides considerations and suggestions on possible measures that could be implemented in the prevention of accidents at work. It is available in printed format in English and it is available in electronic format in English, French and German.--Publisher's description.

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