Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Water levels --- Meteorological stations --- Measurement. --- NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products & Services.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Marine meteorological services --- Meteorological instruments --- Meteorological stations --- Equipment and supplies --- Installation --- Installation.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper analyzes the direct evidence of climate change in Bolivia during the past 60 years, and estimates how these changes have affected life expectancy and consumption levels for each of the 311 municipalities in Bolivia. Contrary to the predictions of most general circulation models, the evidence shows a consistent cooling trend of about 0.2 Degrees per decade over all highland areas, slight and scattered evidence of warming in the lowlands, and no systematic changes in precipitation. The estimations indicate that the 1 Degree cooling experienced in the already cold highlands over the past five decades likely has reduced consumption possibilities by about 2-3 percent in these areas. Since the much richer population in the lowlands have benefitted slightly from recent climate change, the simulations suggest that recent climate change has contributed to an increase in inequality and poverty in Bolivia. Poor and indigenous peoples in the highlands are among the most severely affected populations. No statistically significant effect on life expectancy was found.

Altitude --- Annual precipitation --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climates --- Cloud cover --- Deserts --- Electricity --- Environment --- Glaciers --- Global Environment --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Irradiation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Meteorological stations --- Oxygen --- Precipitation --- Precipitation anomalies --- Rain --- Relative humidity --- Science and Technology Development --- Science of Climate Change --- Temperature --- Temperature anomalies --- Temperature change --- Tropics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper uses district level data to estimate the general relationship between climate, income and life expectancy in Peru. The analysis finds that both incomes and life expectancy show hump-shaped relationships, with optimal average annual temperatures around 18-20 Degree Celsius. These estimated relationships were used to simulate the likely effects of both past (1958-2008) and future (2008-2058) climate change. At the aggregate level, future climate change in Peru is estimated to cause a small reduction in average life expectancy of about 0.2 years. This average, however, hides much larger losses in the already hot areas as well as substantial gains in currently cold areas. Similarly, the average impact on incomes is a modest reduction of 2.3 percent, but with some districts experiencing losses of up to 20 percent and others gains of up to 13 percent. Future climate change is estimated to cause an increase in poverty (all other things equal), but to have no significant effect on the distribution of incomes.

Climate --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climates --- Daily temperature --- Effect of temperature --- Environment --- Excessive rainfall --- Extreme events --- Future Climate Change --- Global temperatures --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Impacts of Climate Change --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Meteorological stations --- Ocean currents --- Ocean temperatures --- Population Policies --- Science and Technology Development --- Science of Climate Change --- Scientific evidence --- Temperature --- Temperature anomalies --- Temperature anomaly --- Temperature changes --- Temperature increases --- Temperature variations --- Temperatures