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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 7th RECOMB International Satellite Workshop on Comparative Genomics, RECOMB-CG 2009, Budapest, Hungary, in September 2009. This workshop is devoted to bringing together scientists working on all aspects of comparative genomics, from computer scientists, mathematicians and statisticians working on novel computational approaches for genome analysis and comparison, to biologists applying these computational tools to study the structure and the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. The 19 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The papers illustrate the crucial role of comparative genomics in understanding genome function and address a broad variety of aspects, ranging from the inference of evolution in genetic regulatory networks to the divergent fates of gene and genome duplication events and to the importance of new computational approaches to unraveling the structural evolution of genomes.

Genomics --- Gene mapping --- Physiology, Comparative --- Computational biology --- Bioinformatics --- Congresses --- Publication Formats --- Genetics --- Computational Biology --- Physiology --- Biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Publication Characteristics --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Biology - General --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Statistical methods --- Chromosome mapping --- Genetic mapping --- Genome mapping --- Linkage mapping (Genetics) --- Mapping, Gene --- Life sciences. --- Computer science --- Bioinformatics. --- Computational biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Computer Appl. in Life Sciences. --- Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Mathematics. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Systems biology --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Data processing --- Mathematics --- Technique --- Algebra --- Computational complexity. --- Data processing. --- Complexity, Computational --- Machine theory --- Bioinformatics . --- Computational biology . --- Computer science—Mathematics.

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The centromere is a chromosomal locus that regulates the proper pairing and segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. Despite their conserved, essential function, centromeres are characterized by the rapid evolution of both centromeric DNA and proteins. This book presents current views on centromere structure and identity. It deals with the epigenetic concept of centromere establishment and maintenance as well as with the role of DNA and centromeric transcripts in centromere formation and function. Special emphasis is placed on centromere evolution: different evolutionary models are discussed in detail and the latest research on the evolution of new centromeres and neocentromeres is presented.

Biology. --- Centromere -- Physiology. --- Centromere. --- Centromere --- Chromosome Structures --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Genetic Structures --- Chromosomes --- Intranuclear Space --- Genetic Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Cell Nucleus Structures --- Phenomena and Processes --- Cell Nucleus --- Intracellular Space --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biophysics --- Cytology --- Chromosomes. --- Chromosome theory --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Plant genetics. --- Animal genetics. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Cell nuclei --- Crossing over (Genetics) --- Cytotaxonomy --- Genetics --- Karyokinesis --- Linkage (Genetics) --- Cytology. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plants --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Microbiology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Composition

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Genomics research on animals has generated huge databases and several new concepts and strategies, which are used to elucidate origin, evolution and phylogeny of species. Genetic and physical maps of genomes give details on chromosomal location, function, expression and regulation of genes. The series Genome Mapping and Genomics in Animals provides comprehensive and up-to-date reviews on genomic research on selected animal systems contributed by leading scientists from around the world. This volume offers information on gene mapping and genomics research in domesticated and farmed animals including cattle, water buffalo, sheep, deer, poultry, turkeys, rabbits, dogs and pigs. While the genome maps for some species are very limited, full genome sequences are available for cattle, chickens and dogs. Genomic research contributes to the identification of genetic regions that control the functionality and well-being of animals. Several farmed species are also used as models for biomedical studies.

Domestic animals -- Genome mapping. --- Domestic animals. --- Genomics. --- Animals, Domestic --- Genomics --- Chromosome Mapping --- Animal Population Groups --- Genetics --- Computational Biology --- Genetic Techniques --- Investigative Techniques --- Animals --- Biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Eukaryota --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Organisms --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Veterinary Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Domestic animals --- Gene mapping. --- Genome mapping. --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Chromosome mapping --- Genetic mapping --- Genome mapping --- Linkage mapping (Genetics) --- Mapping, Gene --- Research --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Cell biology. --- Animal genetics. --- Animal models in research. --- Life Sciences. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Cell Biology. --- Animal Models. --- Molecular genetics --- Animal genome mapping --- Technique --- Cytology. --- Laboratory animals. --- Animals, Experimental --- Animals, Laboratory --- Animals in research --- Experimental animals --- Lab animals --- Animal culture --- Laboratory organisms --- Working animals --- Animal experimentation --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological models --- Laboratory animals

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Kinetochores orchestrate the faithful transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next. Kinetochores were first depicted over 100 years ago, but kinetochore research has progressed by leaps and bounds since the first description of their constituent DNA and proteins in the 1980s. "The Kinetochore: from Molecular Discoveries to Cancer Therapy" edited by Peter De Wulf and William C. Earnshaw presents a thorough up-to-date analysis of kinetochore and centromere composition, formation, regulation, and activity, both in mitosis and meiosis, in humans and "model" eukaryotic species, and at natural and mutant neocentromeres. Recently initiated translational research on kinetochores is also discussed as kinetochores are being mined as a very rich target for the next generations of anti-cancer drugs.

Cancer -- Therapy. --- Cell organelles. --- Chromosomes. --- Chromosomes --- Cell organelles --- Genetic Processes --- Cell Proliferation --- Cell Cycle --- Centromere --- Therapeutic Uses --- Diseases --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Genetic Phenomena --- Cell Growth Processes --- Chromosome Structures --- Growth --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Genetic Structures --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Growth and Development --- Intranuclear Space --- Cell Nucleus Structures --- Physiological Processes --- Cell Nucleus --- Physiological Phenomena --- Intracellular Space --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Cell Division --- Antineoplastic Agents --- Neoplasms --- Kinetochores --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cytology --- Chromosome theory --- Organelles, Cell --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Human genetics. --- Medical microbiology. --- Molecular biology. --- Virology. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Human Genetics. --- Cell nuclei --- Crossing over (Genetics) --- Cytotaxonomy --- Genetics --- Karyokinesis --- Linkage (Genetics) --- Cytoplasm --- Oncology. --- Cytology. --- Microbiology. --- Medical virology. --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Microbiology --- Cancer research