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Coffee industry --- Coffee --- Yields

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663.93 --- 663.93 Coffee. Caffeine --- Coffee. Caffeine --- Coffee industry. --- Coffee. --- Stimulant Crops. --- Plant and Crop Sciences. Crops

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Tropical zones --- agroecosystems --- Biodiversity --- Traditional farming --- Sustainability --- Intensive farming --- cropping systems --- Environmental impact --- Coffee. --- Coffee --- Theobroma cacao --- Rice --- Agricultural ecology. --- Agrobiodiversity conservation. --- Food sovereignty. --- Brazil --- South East Asia

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The global database developed as an integral part of the World Bank's research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, which is publicly available, provides around 30,000 estimates of nominal rates assistance to agricultural industries (NRAs) and associated consumer tax equivalents for 75 countries that together account for between 90 and 95 percent of the world's population, farmers, agricultural output and total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). They also account for more than 85 percent of farm production and employment in each of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia as well as all Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. More than 70 products are included (an average of 11 per country), which represents around 70 percent of the gross value of agricultural production in each of the focus countries, and just under two-thirds of global farm production valued at undistorted prices over the period covered. Not all countries had data for all of the entire 1955-2007 period, but the average number of years covered is 41 per country. This paper provides details of the coverage of the database. It also summarizes the distributions of the NRAs by showing two sets of Box plots for 1955-84 and 1985-2007, one set for various regions of the world, the other for all the covered products for each focus country.

Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agricultural Trade --- Agriculture --- Barley --- Beef --- Cocoa --- Coffee --- Cotton --- Grains --- Livestock --- Maize --- Poultry --- Poverty and Trade --- Rapeseed --- Rice --- Sugar --- Trade Policy --- Wheat

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The regional books that provided detailed estimates of distortion in developing economies are all country focused. While they include commodity details for their particular country, they are not able to provide an overview for developing countries or high-income countries as a group, or for the world as a whole. This paper seeks to fill this gap. The paper begins by describing the overall project's coverage of 30 major commodities and their importance in regional and global agricultural production and trade. It then summarizes the nominal rates of assistance and consumer tax equivalents for twelve key covered products, together with their gross subsidy/tax equivalents in constant dollars. The paper then examines seven largely non-traded food staples that are nonetheless important food items for poor people in low-income countries. Even though those commodities are only a small share of global production and exports of farm products, they can be crucial to the food security of large segments of developing country societies. The agricultural distortions database lends itself to placing the policies affecting (or ignoring) those products in a broader perspective. The final part of the paper provides another new perspective on the project's database. It seeks to shed light on how relatively distorted are the various commodity markets from the viewpoint of global trade or welfare restrictiveness. This analysis draws on the theory outlined in the previous chapter, but switches the focus from countries to products.

Agricultural Policy --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agricultural Trade --- Agriculture --- Bananas --- Barley --- Beef --- Cash Crops --- Cocoa --- Coffee --- Cotton --- Food Production --- Food Security --- Grains --- Livestock --- Maize --- Poultry --- Price Stability --- Price Volatility --- Rapeseed --- Rice --- Staple Foods --- Sugar --- Trade Policy --- Wheat