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Concerns have been expressed that gene patents might result in restricted access to research and health care. The exponential growth of patents claiming human DNA sequences might result in patent thickets, royalty stacking and, ultimately, a 'tragedy of the anti-commons' in genetics. The essays in this 2009 book explore models designed to render patented genetic inventions accessible for further use in research, diagnosis or treatment. The models include patent pools, clearing house mechanisms, open source structures and liability regimes. They are analysed by scholars and practitioners in genetics, law, economics and philosophy. The volume looks beyond theoretical and scholarly analysis by conducting empirical investigation of existing examples of collaborative licensing models. Those models are examined from a theoretical perspective and tested in a set of operational cases. This combined approach is unique in its kind and prompts well founded and realistic solutions to problems in the current gene patent landscape.

Genetics --- Licensure --- Models, Economic. --- Patents as Topic --- ethics. --- legislation & jurisprudence. --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology)

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Concerns have been expressed that gene patents might result in restricted access to research and health care. The exponential growth of patents claiming human DNA sequences might result in patent thickets, royalty stacking and, ultimately, a 'tragedy of the anti-commons' in genetics. The essays in this book explore models designed to render patented genetic inventions accessible for further use in research, diagnosis or treatment. The models include patent pools, clearing house mechanisms, open source structures and liability regimes. They are analysed by scholars and practitioners in genetics, law, economics and philosophy. The volume looks beyond theoretical and scholarly analysis by conducting empirical investigation of existing examples of collaborative licensing models. Those models are examined from a theoretical perspective and tested in a set of operational cases. This combined approach is unique in its kind and prompts well founded and realistic solutions to problems in the current gene patent landscape.

Genetics --- Patents. --- Industrial property --- Intangible property --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Law --- General and Others --- Genetics - Patents

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This FISH application guide provides an overview of the principles and the basic techniques of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and primed in situ hybridization (PRINS), which are successfully used to study many aspects of genomic behavior and alterations. In 36 chapters, contributed by international experts in their particular field, the nowadays multiple approaches and applications of the powerful techniques are presented and detailed protocols are given. Described here are methods using various cell types and tissues as well as different organisms, such as mammalians, insects, plants and microorganisms. Multicolor FISH procedures and special applications such as the characterization marker chromosomes, breakpoints, cryptic aberrations, nuclear architecture and epigenetic changes, as well as (array-based) comparative genomic hybridization studies are presented. Overall, the technique of choice is introduced for single cell analysis in human genetics, microbiology, animal and plant sciences.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization. --- Genetics. --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization) --- Fluorescent in situ hybridization --- Fluorescence microscopy --- In situ hybridization

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The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin is universally recognized as one of the most important science books ever written. Published in 1859, it was here that Darwin argued for both the fact of evolution and the mechanism of natural section. The Origin of Species is also a work of great cultural and religious significance, in that Darwin maintained that all organisms, including humans, are part of a natural process of growth from simple forms. This Companion commemorates the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Origin of Species and examines its main arguments. Drawing on the expertise of leading authorities in the field, it also provides the contexts - religious, social, political, literary, and philosophical - in which the Origin was composed. Written in a clear and friendly yet authoritative manner, this volume will be essential reading for both scholars and students More broadly, it will appeal to general readers who want to learn more about one of the most important and controversial books of modern times.

Darwin, Charles --- Evolution (Biology) --- Natural selection. --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Sélection naturelle --- Darwin, Charles, --- Evolution (Biology). --- Sélection naturelle --- Natural selection --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Heredity --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Phylogeny --- Darwin, Charles, - 1809-1882 - On the origin of species

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Genetics --- Group identity --- National characteristics, Dutch. --- Genetic counseling --- Génétique --- Identité collective --- Caractéristiques nationales néerlandaises --- Conseil génétique --- Social aspects --- Aspect social --- National characteristics, Dutch --- Dutch national characteristics --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Health counseling