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Speech --- Brain --- Speech --- Brain --- Speech Perception

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Spontaneous speech errors provide valuable evidence not only for the processes that mediate between a communicative intention and the articulation of an utterance but also for the types of grammatical entities that are manipulated during production. This study proposes an analysis of speech errors that is informed by grammar theory. In particular, it is shown how characteristic properties of erroneous German utterances can be accounted for within Distributed Morphology (DM). The investigation focuses on two groups of errors: Errors that result from the manipulation of semantic and morphosyntactic features, and errors which appear to involve the application of a post-error repair strategy. It is argued that a production model which incorporates DM allows for a straightforward account of the attested, sometimes complex, error patterns. DM mechanisms, for instance, render unnecessary the assumption of repair processes. Besides providing an account for the attested error patterns, the theory also helps us in explaining why certain errors do not occur. In this sense, DM makes for a psychologically real model of grammar.

Discourse analysis. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language awareness. --- Speech perception. --- Morphology (Linguistics) --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Speech recognition --- Auditory perception --- Psycholinguistics --- Speech --- Linguistic awareness --- Metalinguistic knowledge --- Awareness --- Phonology --- Morphology. --- Phonology. --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Phonology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Morphology --- Morphology

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Incorporating Knowledge Sources into Statistical Speech Recognition offers solutions for enhancing the robustness of a statistical automatic speech recognition (ASR) system by incorporating various additional knowledge sources while keeping the training and recognition effort feasible. The authors provide an efficient general framework for incorporating knowledge sources into state-of-the-art statistical ASR systems. This framework, which is called GFIKS (graphical framework to incorporate additional knowledge sources), was designed by utilizing the concept of the Bayesian network (BN) framework. This framework allows probabilistic relationships among different information sources to be learned, various kinds of knowledge sources to be incorporated, and a probabilistic function of the model to be formulated. Incorporating Knowledge Sources into Statistical Speech Recognition demonstrates how the statistical speech recognition system may incorporate additional information sources by utilizing GFIKS at different levels of ASR. The incorporation of various knowledge sources, including background noises, accent, gender and wide phonetic knowledge information, in modeling is discussed theoretically and analyzed experimentally.

Automatic speech recognition. --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Signal processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Automatic speech recognition --- Electrical engineering. --- Statistical methods. --- Electric engineering --- Mechanical speech recognizer --- Speech recognition, Automatic --- Acoustics. --- Telecommunication. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Computer engineering. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Computers --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- Design and construction --- Engineering --- Pattern recognition systems --- Perceptrons --- Speech, Intelligibility of --- Speech perception --- Speech processing systems --- Image processing. --- Computer communication systems. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Information networks --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Distributed processing