Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Quel rôle la monnaie joue-t-elle dans l'apparition des crises économiques ? Quelle est son influence sur le volume du commerce et le niveau de l'emploi ? La croissance entraîne-t-elle nécessairement l'inflation ? Peut-on contrôler la masse monétaire ? Depuis le XVIIe siècle, philosophes, économistes et théoriciens de la monnaie n'ont cessé de reprendre ces interrogations, de John Locke à Friedrich Hayek, en passant par John Law, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Knut Wicksell, John Maynard Keynes ou Milton Friedman. Ce livre propose une anthologie des principaux textes qui ont marqué l'histoire des théories monétaires, dont certains encore inédits en français. Des mercantilistes aux néolibéraux contemporains, c'est en particulier le thème de la " neutralité " de la monnaie, toujours démentie par la réalité des crises, qui sert ici de fil rouge. Une question controversée, qui reste au coeur des débats actuels et des décisions de politique économique de notre temps.

Money --- Monnaie --- History --- Histoire --- Quantity theory of money --- Monetary policy --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.403 --- 330.00 --- Monetaire theorieën. Kwantitatieve theorie. Theorie van de incasso's. Optiek van de uitgaven en inkomens. --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden. --- Monetaire theorieën. Kwantitatieve theorie. Theorie van de incasso's. Optiek van de uitgaven en inkomens --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden --- Money - History --- Quantity theory of money - History

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper estimates interfuel substitution elasticities in selected developing and industrialized economies at the national and sector levels. In doing so, it employs state-of-the-art techniques in microeconometrics, particularly the locally flexible normalized quadratic functional forms, and provides evidence consistent with neoclassical microeconomic theory. The results indicate that the interfuel substitution elasticities are consistently below unity, revealing the limited ability to substitute between major energy commodities (i.e., coal, oil, gas, and electricity). While the study finds some evidences of larger interfuel substitution potential in high-income economies as compared to that in the middle- and low-income economies in the industrial and transportation sectors, no such evidence is observed in the residential and electricity generation sectors or at the national level. The implication is that interfuel substitution depends on the structure of the economy, not the level of economic development. Moreover, a higher change in relative prices is needed to induce switching toward a lower carbon economy.

Approach --- Availability --- Clean energy --- Climate change --- Climate change policy --- Coal --- Demand for energy --- Electricity --- Electricity generation --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy consumption --- Energy Demand --- Energy demand --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Fuel --- Fuel prices --- Fuel quantities --- Fuels --- Gas --- Natural gas --- Oil --- Oil price --- Quantity of fuel

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Money --- Monetary policy --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Exchange --- Finance --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- E-books --- Money. Monetary policy --- Macroeconomics --- 333.400 --- 333.80 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Money stock --- Quantity of money --- Supply of money --- Demand for money --- Economics --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Financial institutions --- Geldwezen: algemeenheden --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Robust optimization is still a relatively new approach to optimization problems affected by uncertainty, but it has already proved so useful in real applications that it is difficult to tackle such problems today without considering this powerful methodology. Written by the principal developers of robust optimization, and describing the main achievements of a decade of research, this is the first book to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the subject. Robust optimization is designed to meet some major challenges associated with uncertainty-affected optimization problems: to operate under lack of full information on the nature of uncertainty; to model the problem in a form that can be solved efficiently; and to provide guarantees about the performance of the solution. The book starts with a relatively simple treatment of uncertain linear programming, proceeding with a deep analysis of the interconnections between the construction of appropriate uncertainty sets and the classical chance constraints (probabilistic) approach. It then develops the robust optimization theory for uncertain conic quadratic and semidefinite optimization problems and dynamic (multistage) problems. The theory is supported by numerous examples and computational illustrations. An essential book for anyone working on optimization and decision making under uncertainty, Robust Optimization also makes an ideal graduate textbook on the subject.

Robust optimization. --- Linear programming. --- 519.8 --- 681.3*G16 --- 681.3*G16 Optimization: constrained optimization; gradient methods; integer programming; least squares methods; linear programming; nonlinear programming (Numericalanalysis) --- Optimization: constrained optimization; gradient methods; integer programming; least squares methods; linear programming; nonlinear programming (Numericalanalysis) --- 519.8 Operational research --- Operational research --- Robust optimization --- Linear programming --- Optimisation robuste --- Programmation linéaire --- Optimization, Robust --- RO (Robust optimization) --- Mathematical optimization --- Production scheduling --- Programming (Mathematics) --- 0O. --- Accuracy and precision. --- Additive model. --- Almost surely. --- Approximation algorithm. --- Approximation. --- Best, worst and average case. --- Bifurcation theory. --- Big O notation. --- Candidate solution. --- Central limit theorem. --- Chaos theory. --- Coefficient. --- Computational complexity theory. --- Constrained optimization. --- Convex hull. --- Convex optimization. --- Convex set. --- Cumulative distribution function. --- Curse of dimensionality. --- Decision problem. --- Decision rule. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Diagram (category theory). --- Duality (optimization). --- Dynamic programming. --- Exponential function. --- Feasible region. --- Floor and ceiling functions. --- For All Practical Purposes. --- Free product. --- Ideal solution. --- Identity matrix. --- Inequality (mathematics). --- Infimum and supremum. --- Integer programming. --- Law of large numbers. --- Likelihood-ratio test. --- Linear dynamical system. --- Linear inequality. --- Linear map. --- Linear matrix inequality. --- Linear regression. --- Loss function. --- Margin classifier. --- Markov chain. --- Markov decision process. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Max-plus algebra. --- Maxima and minima. --- Multivariate normal distribution. --- NP-hardness. --- Norm (mathematics). --- Normal distribution. --- Optimal control. --- Optimization problem. --- Orientability. --- P versus NP problem. --- Pairwise. --- Parameter. --- Parametric family. --- Probability distribution. --- Probability. --- Proportionality (mathematics). --- Quantity. --- Random variable. --- Relative interior. --- Robust control. --- Robust decision-making. --- Semi-infinite. --- Sensitivity analysis. --- Simple set. --- Singular value. --- Skew-symmetric matrix. --- Slack variable. --- Special case. --- Spherical model. --- Spline (mathematics). --- State variable. --- Stochastic calculus. --- Stochastic control. --- Stochastic optimization. --- Stochastic programming. --- Stochastic. --- Strong duality. --- Support vector machine. --- Theorem. --- Time complexity. --- Uncertainty. --- Uniform distribution (discrete). --- Unimodality. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Virtual displacement. --- Weak duality. --- Wiener filter. --- With high probability. --- Without loss of generality.