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Part I: Backlights by use: Technical trends and requirements/specifications for LCD TV backlights -- Improvement of moving picture quality by means of backlight control -- Multiple primary color backlights -- Reduction of backlight power consumption of LCD-TVs -- Notebook PC/monitor backlights -- Backlights for handheld data terminals -- Part II: Light source devices: CCFL backlights -- CCFL inverters -- HCFL backlights -- EEFL backlights -- FFL backlights -- Magnetically coupled electrodeless lamps -- Mercury-free fluorescent lamp backlights -- LED backlights -- Technological trends of LED backlight units -- White OLED backlights -- Inorganic EL backlights -- Field emission backlights -- Part III: Optical components: Light-guide plates -- Optical diffuser plates -- Lens films and reflective polarization films.
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Liquid crystal technology is a subject of many advanced areas of science and engineering. It is commonly associated with liquid crystal displays applied in calculators, watches, mobile phones, digital cameras, monitors etc. But nowadays liquid crystals find more and more use in photonics, telecommunications, medicine and other fields. The goal of this book is to show the increasing importance of liquid crystals in industrial and scientific applications and inspire future research and engineering ideas in students, young researchers and practitioners.
Liquid crystals. --- Crystals, Liquid --- Light sources --- Analytical chemistry
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Chromatographie gaz liquide --- Gas liquid chromatography --- Liquid chromatography --- Chromatography, Liquid --- Chromatografie --- 543.544 --- Liquid Chromatography --- Liquid-liquid partition chromatography --- Chromatographic analysis --- 543.544 Chromatographic analysis. Chromatography --- Chromatographic analysis. Chromatography --- Laboratory equipment --- Liquid chromatography.
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Liquid fertilizers --- Storage tanks --- Accidents --- Investigation
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In our modern society, the drugs consumption is constantly increasing and is involving younger consumers. The Belgian lax is considering, among the drugs, compounds such as amphetamine derivatives, morphine, cocaine and cannabinoids. Many method of quantification in blood and urine are published in the scientific literature, but as the window for detection of narcotics in these biological fluids is relatively short, it is not easy to assess whether their use is chronic or occasional. Based in this observation, we developed the simultaneous determination of these drugs, with the exception of cannabinoids, in hair by LC-MSMS. Hairs are a biological matrix of interest, given the very good stability of the compounds in the hair structure. They also can allow assessing the history of consumption through growth of about 1 cm per month.
The drugs are extracted with methanol in the presence of their deuterated analogues. Then, a step clean-up is conducted through a column Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) MCX© from Waters®.
Our analytical validation reported extraction yields ranging from 59 to 157%, ions suppression or enhancement effects (matrix effect) between 1 and 55% accuracy between 70 and 115%, precision with CV≤15%, absence of carry-over, linearities with R²>0.98, and limits of detection and quantification, respectively, from 0.02273 to 0.5762 and 0.075 to 2.05 ng/mg of hair, for the different drugs tested.
The potential impact of hair treated with staining on the matrix effects and yields has been further assessed, without significant effect. Dans notre société moderne, la consommation de drogues est en perpétuelle augmentation et doit faire face à des consommateurs de plus en plus jeunes. La loi belge classe, parmi les stupéfiants, les composés tels que les dérivés amphétaminiques, morphiniques, la cocaïne ainsi que les cannabinoïdes. De nombreuses méthodes de quantification dans le sang et les urines sont publiées dans la littérature scientifique mais comme la fenêtre de détection des stupéfiants dans ces milieux est relativement courte, il n’est pas aisé d’évaluer si leur usage est chronique ou ponctuel. Partant de ce constat, nous avons mis au point le dosage simultané de ces drogues, à l’exception des cannabinoïdes, dans les cheveux par LC-MSMS. Les cheveux constituent une matrice biologique d’intérêt, vu la très bonne stabilité des substances dans la structure du cheveu. Ils permettent également d’établir un historique de consommation grâce à leur croissance d’environ 1cm par mois.
Les stupéfiants sont extraits avec du méthanol en présence de leurs homologues deutérés. Ensuite, une étape de clean-up est réalisée au moyen d’une colonne Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) MCX© de chez Waters®.
Notre validation analytique a évalué les rendements d’extraction allant de 59 à 157%, les effets de suppression ou d’augmentation d’ions (effet matrice) compris entre 1 et 55%, l’exactitude entre 70 et 115%, la précision avec des CV≤15%, une absence de carry-over, des linéarités avec des R²> à 0,98 et enfin les limites de détection et de quantification allant respectivement de 0,02273 à 0,5762 et 0,075 à 2,05 ng/mg de cheveux, pour les différentes drogues testées.
Pour compléter, nous avons aussi voulu évaluer l’impact potentiel des cheveux ayant subi un traitement par coloration sur les effets de matrice et les rendements
Narcotics --- Drug Users --- Chromatography, Liquid --- Tandem Mass Spectrometry --- Hair
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Liquid helium. --- Quantum liquids. --- Condensed matter. --- Quantum field theory.
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Metals --- Liquid metals. --- Steel --- Notched bar testing. --- Embrittlement. --- Fracture.
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Separation (Technology) --- High performance liquid chromatography --- Chromatographic analysis --- Chromatographic analysis. --- High performance liquid chromatography. --- Chemical separations --- Separation processes --- Separation science --- Separation technologies --- Separations, Chemical --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Technology --- High performance chromatography --- High pressure liquid chromatography --- High sensitivity liquid chromatography --- High speed liquid chromatography --- HPLC (Chromatography) --- High pressure (Science) --- Liquid chromatography --- Analysis, Chromatographic --- Chromatography --- Phase partition
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Granular materials. --- Matériaux granulaires --- 532.5 --- Bulk solids --- Materials --- Liquid motion. Hydrodynamics --- 532.5 Liquid motion. Hydrodynamics --- Matériaux granulaires --- Granular materials
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