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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDRTB) increasingly occur in resource-constrained settings. In the context of a national response to MDR- and XDR-TB, health workers in TB clinics (in district hospitals and some accredited health centres) will need to diagnose MDR-TB, initiate second-line anti-TB drugs, and monitor MDR-TB treatment. This field guide was created to help health workers carry out these tasks. It is a job aid that medical officers and TB nurses are meant to use frequently during the day for quick reference. It is based on the 2
Antitubercular agents. --- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. --- Practice Guideline. --- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis --- Antitubercular agents --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes --- Tuberculosis --- Lentivirus Infections --- Therapeutics --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral --- Anti-Bacterial Agents --- Guideline --- Drug Therapy, Combination --- HIV Infections --- Practice Guideline --- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active --- Drug Therapy --- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant --- Antitubercular Agents --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Anti-Infective Agents --- Immune System Diseases --- Mycobacterium Infections --- Publication Formats --- Retroviridae Infections --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Therapeutic Uses --- Actinomycetales Infections --- Virus Diseases --- Diseases --- RNA Virus Infections --- Publication Characteristics --- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Bacterial Infections --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Medicine --- Infectious Diseases --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Drugs, Antitubercular --- Tuberculostatic agents --- MDR-TB (Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis) --- MDR tuberculosis --- Polydrug-resistant tuberculosis --- Antibacterial agents --- Drug resistance in microorganisms --- Multidrug resistance --- Chemotherapy
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In human solid tumors, nodal status is the most important prognostic indicator for patient outcome. Recent developments in the sentinel lymph node concept have resulted in new procedures to define the first draining node as the primary gateway through which the cancer will spread. In From Local Invasion to Metastatic Cancer: Involvement of Distant Sites Through the Lymphovascular System, a panel of international authorities takes an in-depth look at the role of the lymphovascular system in the spread of cancer. The authors summarize the findings of the Second International Symposium on Cancer Metastasis: Basis for Rational Therapy summit. Specifically, the book presents important developments in the biology and clinical understanding of cancer metastasis, describes the relationship between tumor microenvironment and proliferation, and defines the process of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis with special reference to cancer metastasis. From Local Invasion to Metastatic Cancer: Involvement of Distant Sites Through the Lymphovascular System provides oncologists, radiologists, and cancer researchers the necessary information to study and develop new strategies to curb the process of metastasis.
Lymphatic Metastasis -- Congresses. --- Metastasis. --- Oncology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Metastasis --- Lymphangiogenesis --- Congresses --- Neovascularization, Pathologic --- Neoplasm Invasiveness --- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols --- Lymphatic Metastasis --- Organogenesis --- Neoplasm Metastasis --- Publication Formats --- Antineoplastic Protocols --- Neoplastic Processes --- Metaplasia --- Drug Therapy, Combination --- Pathologic Processes --- Embryonic and Fetal Development --- Clinical Protocols --- Publication Characteristics --- Neoplasms --- Drug Therapy --- Morphogenesis --- Therapeutics --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Growth and Development --- Physiological Processes --- Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Lymphatic metastasis. --- Oncology. --- Medicine. --- Radiotherapy. --- Pathology. --- Surgical oncology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Surgical Oncology. --- Tumors --- Lymphatics --- Cancer --- Oncology . --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Medicine, Preventive --- Radiation therapy --- Electrotherapeutics --- Hospitals --- Medical electronics --- Medical radiology --- Therapeutics, Physiological --- Phototherapy --- Oncologic surgery --- Oncological surgery --- Surgical oncology --- Radiological services --- Excision --- Treatment --- Cancer metastasis --- Lymphovascular system
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The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the clinical outcome of HIV disease with increased survival rates. However, the introduction of HAART has generated a contrast in the cardiac manifestations of AIDS. In developed countries, we observed an approximate 30% reduction in the prevalence of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, possibly related to a reduction of opportunistic infections and myocarditis. In developing countries, however, where the availability of HAART is limited and the pathogenic impact of nutritional factors is significant, we observed an approximate 32% increase in the prevalence of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and a related high mortality rate from congestive heart failure. Additionally, some HAART regimens in developed countries, especially those including protease inhibitors, may cause an iatrogenic metabolic syndrome (HIV-lipodystrophy syndrome) that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. At the same time, the relapse of some opportunistic infections, with possible myocardial involvement, in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART, in the context of the recently described immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, yielded an intriguing and complex profile of this dual aspect of cardiology in AIDS in the HAART era. In this new edition of Cardiovascular Disease in AIDS, new insights coming from basic and clinical research in the field of HIV-associated cardiovascular disease and antiretroviral therapy are reported, along with the clinical guidelines for a careful stratification of the cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular monitoring of HIV-infected patients receiving HAART. The authors offer a wide overview of the topic for specialists in cardiology and infectious diseases involved in the clinical management of HIV-infected patients.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- complications. --- AIDS (Disease) -- Complications. --- Antiretroviral agents. --- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- adverse effects. --- Cardiovascular Diseases -- etiology. --- Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Etiology. --- HIV Infections -- complications. --- Diseases --- Drug Therapy, Combination --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes --- Slow Virus Diseases --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral --- Lentivirus Infections --- Virus Diseases --- Retroviridae Infections --- Immune System Diseases --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Drug Therapy --- Therapeutics --- RNA Virus Infections --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome --- HIV Infections --- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Clinical Immunology --- AIDS (Disease) --- Cardiovascular system --- Complications. --- Etiology. --- Circulatory system --- Vascular system --- Anti-retroviral agents --- Antiretroviral drugs --- Antiretrovirals --- Medicine. --- Internal medicine. --- Angiology. --- Cardiology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Internal Medicine. --- Antiviral agents --- Blood --- Circulation --- Angiography. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Medicine, Internal --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Blood-vessels --- Diagnosis, Radioscopic --- Radiography, Medical --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Radiography
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Within the last decade there have been a number of new and important areas of emphasis in HIV care and research, particularly in the context of brain involvement. Without question, clinical and research innovations in the modern era of the HIV pandemic warrant an update on HIV and the brain. Written by a panel of leading experts, HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era offers a clear picture of brain impairment associated with the virus with particular focus on three emerging areas including different genetic strains of the virus throughout the world, interactions between advanced age and HIV, and the impact of HIV on the brain in the context of chronic, long-term treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era provides a comprehensive review of both basic science and clinical implications in these important areas of the disease. The text is of particular relevance to both research scientists and clinicians involved in HIV in the modern era.
AIDS (Disease) --Complications. --- Brain --Diseases. --- HIV (Viruses). --- Neurologic manifestations of general diseases. --- AIDS (Disease) --- HIV (Viruses) --- Neurologic manifestations of general diseases --- Brain --- Lentivirus Infections --- Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders --- Dementia --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes --- Drug Therapy, Combination --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral --- Central Nervous System --- Drug Therapy --- Nervous System --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Brain Diseases --- Immune System Diseases --- Retroviridae Infections --- Mental Disorders --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- RNA Virus Infections --- Anatomy --- Diseases --- Therapeutics --- Virus Diseases --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Nervous System Diseases --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active --- HIV Infections --- AIDS Dementia Complex --- Cognition Disorders --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Clinical Immunology --- Neurology --- Complications --- Complications. --- Diseases. --- Brain diseases --- Neurologic symptoms of general diseases --- Neurological manifestations of general diseases --- AIDS-associated retrovirus --- AIDS virus --- ARV (Viruses) --- HTLV-III (Viruses) --- HTLV-III-LAV (Viruses) --- Human immunodeficiency viruses --- Human T-cell leukemia virus III --- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus III --- Human T-lymphotropic virus III --- IDAV (Viruses) --- Immunodeficiency-associated virus --- LAV (Viruses) --- LAV-HTLV-III (Viruses) --- Lymphadenopathy-associated virus --- T-lymphotrophic virus III, Human --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Internal medicine. --- Infectious diseases. --- Neurology. --- Pain medicine. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Internal Medicine. --- Pain Medicine. --- Nervous system --- Symptoms --- HTLV (Viruses) --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Psychology, Pathological --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Medicine, Internal --- Neuropsychiatry --- Algiatry --- Neurology .
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