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Ever since the concepts of Galois groups in algebra and fundamental groups in topology emerged during the nineteenth century, mathematicians have known of the strong analogies between the two concepts. This book presents the connection starting at an elementary level, showing how the judicious use of algebraic geometry gives access to the powerful interplay between algebra and topology that underpins much modern research in geometry and number theory. Assuming as little technical background as possible, the book starts with basic algebraic and topological concepts, but already presented from the modern viewpoint advocated by Grothendieck. This enables a systematic yet accessible development of the theories of fundamental groups of algebraic curves, fundamental groups of schemes, and Tannakian fundamental groups. The connection between fundamental groups and linear differential equations is also developed at increasing levels of generality. Key applications and recent results, for example on the inverse Galois problem, are given throughout.

Galois theory. --- 512.7 --- 512.7 Algebraic geometry. Commutative rings and algebras --- Algebraic geometry. Commutative rings and algebras --- Equations, Theory of --- Group theory --- Number theory --- Galois theory --- Mathematics. --- Math --- Science

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This book treats the interaction between discrete convex geometry, commutative ring theory, algebraic K-theory, and algebraic geometry. The basic mathematical objects are lattice polytopes, rational cones, affine monoids, the algebras derived from them, and toric varieties. The book discusses several properties and invariants of these objects, such as efficient generation, unimodular triangulations and covers, basic theory of monoid rings, isomorphism problems and automorphism groups, homological properties and enumerative combinatorics. The last part is an extensive treatment of the K-theory of monoid rings, with extensions to toric varieties and their intersection theory. This monograph has been written with a view towards graduate students and researchers who want to study the cross-connections of algebra and discrete convex geometry. While the text has been written from an algebraist's view point, also specialists in lattice polytopes and related objects will find an up-to-date discussion of affine monoids and their combinatorial structure. Though the authors do not explicitly formulate algorithms, the book takes a constructive approach wherever possible. Winfried Bruns is Professor of Mathematics at Universität Osnabrück. Joseph Gubeladze is Professor of Mathematics at San Francisco State University.

K-theory. --- Polytopes. --- Rings (Algebra). --- Polytopes --- K-theory --- Rings (Algebra) --- Geometry --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Algebraic rings --- Ring theory --- Mathematics. --- Algebra. --- Commutative algebra. --- Commutative rings. --- Convex geometry. --- Discrete geometry. --- Commutative Rings and Algebras. --- K-Theory. --- Convex and Discrete Geometry. --- Algebraic topology --- Homology theory --- Combinatorial geometry --- Algebra --- Mathematical analysis --- Math --- Science --- Algebraic fields --- Hyperspace --- Topology --- Discrete groups. --- Groups, Discrete --- Infinite groups --- Discrete mathematics --- Convex geometry .