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This book provides unique perspectives on the state of the art in multispectral/hyperspectral techniques for early-warning monitoring against chemical, biological and radiological (CB&R) contamination of both surface (e.g. land) and air (e.g. atmospheric) environments through the presentation of a comprehensive survey of the novel spectroscopic methodologies and technologies that are emerging to address the CB&R defense and security challenges of the future. The technical content in this book lends itself to the non-traditional requirements for point and stand-off detection that have evolved out of the US joint services programs over many years. In particular, the scientific and technological work presented seeks to enable hyperspectral-based sensing and monitoring that is in real time and in-line; low in cost and labor requirements; and easy to support, maintain and use in military and security-relevant scenarios.--Publisher's description.

Environmental monitoring --- Radioactive pollution --- Chemical detectors --- Chemical terrorism --- Biological weapons --- Spectrum analysis --- Remote sensing --- Prevention --- ISSSR --- Spectral sensing research --- Radiological defense applications --- Security applications --- Biological applications --- Air monitoring

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Hydrogels are a fascinating class of polymers which show an immense ability of swelling under the influence of temperature, pH value or concentrations of different species in aqueous solutions. The volume change can amount up to several hundred percent. This unique behaviour is already used in such applications like disposable diapers, contact lenses or drug-delivery systems. The ability to perform mechanical work has been shifted the technical interest more and more towards sensors and actuators exploiting the thermo-chemo-mechano-electrical coupling within hydrogels. The accuracy requirements for such devices are much more demanding than for previous applications. Therefore, a deep knowledge of both the material and the functional properties of hydrogel sensors and actuators is needed. The monograph describes state-of-the-art and recent developments for these materials in sensor and actuator technology.

Colloids -- Electric properties. --- Colloids. --- Engineering. --- Colloids --- Chemical detectors --- Biosensors --- Physicochemical Processes --- Biosensing Techniques --- Hydrogels --- Chemical Processes --- Gels --- Molecular Probe Techniques --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Investigative Techniques --- Chemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Dosage Forms --- Complex Mixtures --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Chemical Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemical detectors. --- Biosensors. --- Chemical engineering. --- Control engineering. --- Robotics. --- Mechatronics. --- Materials science. --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Materials Science, general. --- Biodetectors --- Biological detectors --- Biological sensors --- Biomedical detectors --- Biomedical sensors --- Detectors --- Medical instruments and apparatus --- Physiological apparatus --- Chemical sensors --- Chemical apparatus --- Materials. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Materials --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers

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Solid State Gas Sensors offers insight into the principles, applications, and new trends in gas sensor technology. Developments in this field are rapidly advancing due to the recent and continuing impact of nanotechnology, and this book addresses the demand for small, reliable, inexpensive and portable systems for monitoring environmental concerns, indoor air quality, food quality, and many other specific applications. Working principles, including electrical, permittivity, field effect, electrochemical, optical, thermometric and mass (both quartz and cantilever types), are discussed, making the book valuable and accessible to a variety of researchers and engineers in the field of material science.

Gas detectors. --- Gases -- Analysis. --- Nanotechnology. --- Gas detectors --- Chemical Engineering --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Carbon monoxide detectors. --- CO detectors --- CO sensors --- Materials science. --- Solid state physics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Materials Science. --- Solid State Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Chemical detectors --- Optics --- Materials --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Electronic materials --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Physics --- Solids --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry

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Through 17 chapters, this book presents the principle of many advanced biosignal processing techniques. After an important chapter introducing the main biosignal properties as well as the most recent acquisition techniques, it highlights five specific parts which build the body of this book. Each part concerns one of the most intensively used biosignals in the clinical routine, namely the Electrocardiogram (ECG), the Elektroenzephalogram (EEG), the Electromyogram (EMG) and the Evoked Potential (EP). In addition, each part gathers a certain number of chapters related to analysis, detection, classification, source separation and feature extraction. These aspects are explored by means of various advanced signal processing approaches, namely wavelets, Empirical Modal Decomposition, Neural networks, Markov models, Metaheuristics as well as hybrid approaches including wavelet networks, and neuro-fuzzy networks. The last part, concerns the Multimodal Biosignal processing, in which we present two different chapters related to the biomedical compression and the data fusion. Instead organising the chapters by approaches, the present book has been voluntarily structured according to signal categories (ECG, EEG, EMG, EP). This helps the reader, interested in a specific field, to assimilate easily the techniques dedicated to a given class of biosignals. Furthermore, most of signals used for illustration purpose in this book can be downloaded from the Medical Database for the Evaluation of Image and Signal Processing Algorithm. These materials assist considerably the user in evaluating the performances of their developed algorithms. This book is suited for final year graduate students, engineers and researchers in biomedical engineering and practicing engineers in biomedical science and medical physics.

Biosensors. --- Chemical detectors. --- Signal processing --Digital techniques. --- Biosensors --- Chemical detectors --- Signal processing --- Computing Methodologies --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Investigative Techniques --- Molecular Probe Techniques --- Diagnosis --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Information Science --- Phenomena and Processes --- Biosensing Techniques --- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted --- Monitoring, Physiologic --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Methods --- Electrodiagnosis --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biomedical Engineering --- Digital techniques --- Electricity in medicine. --- Medical electricity --- Biodetectors --- Biological detectors --- Biological sensors --- Biomedical detectors --- Biomedical sensors --- Engineering. --- Cardiology. --- Computer graphics. --- Biomathematics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Computational intelligence. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Physiological, Cellular and Medical Topics. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Mathematical statistics --- Biology --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Statistical methods --- Diseases --- Detectors --- Medical instruments and apparatus --- Physiological apparatus --- Computer vision. --- Physiology --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Complex Systems. --- Mathematics. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Anatomy --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Pattern recognition systems --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment

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The NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensors for Environment, Health and Security: Advanced Materials and Technology” was held in Vichy (France) on September 16–27, 2007 where more than 65 participants, ranging from Ph. D. students to experienced senior scientists, met and exchanged ideas and know-how in a friendly atmosphere. The present book intends to cover the main topics of this NATO ASI through 32 chapters distributed over two parts (Part I: “Materials and Technologies” and Part II: “Applications to Environment, Health and Security”). The scientific programme of the NATO ASI consisted in 28 1-hour lectures given by 14 invited lecturers, 5 additional 1-hour lectures given by seminar speakers, 22 oral presentations by selected ASI participants and a poster session. The programme was divided into four sessions: (1) Advanced materials and technologies; (2) Sensors for environment; (3) Sensors for health; (4) Sensors for security. During the “Advanced Materials and Technologies” session (Part I of the present book), the lectures were dedicated to critical analyses of current methods for the synthesis of materials, nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, …) and nanocomposites to be used for the fabrication of sensing devices, mainly semiconductor sensors. Among the synthesis methods, chemical (sol-gel, etc. ) and physical methods (laser deposition, DC magnetron sputtering, etc. ) were discussed. Several lectures addressed characterization techniques and it was concluded that the physical and chemical control of the materials/nanomaterials, including surface chemistry, remains a key issue for the reproducibility of the final device.

Biosensors -- Congresses. --- Chemical detectors -- Congresses. --- Detectors -- Congresses. --- Detectors --- Chemical detectors --- Biosensors --- Biosensing Techniques --- Molecular Probe Techniques --- Investigative Techniques --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Industrial & Management Engineering --- Materials Science --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials science. --- Public health. --- Health promotion. --- Industrial engineering. --- Production engineering. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Materials Science. --- Materials Science, general. --- Industrial and Production Engineering. --- Public Health. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Materials. --- Medicine. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Management engineering --- Simplification in industry --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- Materials --- Health Workforce --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Manufacturing engineering --- Process engineering --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanical engineering --- Material science