Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Baltic Sea Region --- Europe

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In questions concerning ethnicity and cultural identity in prehistory, there is a great divide between the conclusions maintained on a theoretical level of discussion and the interpretations given to material remains, when these theories are practiced on the archaeological material. Inherited scientific and political structures, usage and ideas contribute to our understanding of ethnicity and the everyday use of the concept, and influence archaeological interpretations. By illuminating these inherited preconceptions, they can be deconstructed, and a workable definition of the concepts found. A categorical approach to material culture needs to be abandoned, along with the hope of identifying ethnic groups in an archaeological material. Analyses should instead concentrate on the concept of ethnicity, as a relational, situational social identity created in the prehistoric present. The discussion is here approached through case studies set in different contextual situations, displaying great chronological, geographical and political variation, but also revealing some obvious points of contact. Scientific, materialistic, colonial and national perceptions of ethnic groups and ethnicity are penetrated in the case studies of the Varangians in 8th to 10th century Russia, the history of the Métis in Canada from the 18th century till today, and the Swedish speaking population on the island of Ruhnu outside Estonia at the turn of the 20th century. The Varangians are part of the Russian national myth of origin, and have been understood as a Scandinavian people, especially by Scandinavian researchers. Archaeological material of Scandinavian character dating to between the 8th and 11th centuries confirms intense interaction between Russia and Scandinavia in this time period. The Métis trace their roots back to the fur trade era and the encounter between Indian and European traders. Since 1982, they have been recognised as an indigenous people of Canada. The population of Runö was documented as Swedish speaking in the Middle Ages. They were discovered by Swedish ethnography in the 19th century, and interpreted as archaic Swedish. As a consequence of this narrative, the population was evacuated to Sweden in almost its entirety during the Second World War. In these cases, scientific, political and ideological aspects of social practice interface with the everyday practices in communities and influence the outward perception of that group’s identity, as well as the self-perception within the community. It can be concluded that the ideological setting is equally important to a historical development as are economic or geographical circumstances. The final chapter introduces an alternative interpretation to the early Scandinavian towns as a disappearing phenomenon towards the end of the 10th century, deduced from the conclusions made in the previous case studies.

Ethnicity --- Material culture --- Group identity --- Social evolution --- Social archaeology --- Baltic Sea Region --- Scandinavia

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Crusades. --- Culture conflict --- Croisades --- Conflit culturel --- History --- Histoire --- Catholic Church --- History. --- Baltic States --- Europe, Western --- Europe --- Livonia --- Pays baltes --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Livonie --- Church history. --- Ethnic relations --- Relations --- Territorial expansion. --- Historiography. --- Histoire religieuse --- Relations interethniques --- Expansion territoriale --- Historiographie --- Baltic Sea Region --- Crusades --- Cultural conflict --- Culture wars --- Conflict of cultures --- Intercultural conflict --- Social conflict --- Church history --- Middle Ages --- Chivalry --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Baltic Republics --- Baltics (States) --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Culture conflict - Baltic Sea Region - History - To 1500. --- Baltic Sea Region - History. --- Baltic Sea Region - Church history.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Disarmament --- Désarmement --- Åland (Finland) --- Åland (Finlande) --- Strategic aspects --- Politics and government --- Aspect stratégique --- Politique et gouvernement --- Aland Islands - Baltic Sea - Military History - Geostrategy - International Law. --- Strategic aspects. --- Politics and government. --- Désarmement --- Åland (Finland) --- Åland (Finlande) --- Aspect stratégique

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Baltic Sea oceanographic research community is wide and the research history is over 100 years old. Nevertheless, there is still no single, coherent book on the physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea as a whole. There is a strong need for such a book, coming from working oceanographers as well as the university teaching programmes in advanced undergraduate to graduate levels. In the regional conference series in physical oceanography (Baltic Sea Science Conference, Baltic Sea Oceanographers' conference, Baltex-conferences) about 500 scientists take part regularly. Even more scientists work in the fields of marine biology, chemistry and the environment, and they need information on the physics of the Baltic Sea as well. There are nine countries bordering on the Baltic Sea and five more in the runoff area. The Baltic Sea as a source of fish, means of transportation and leisure activities is highly important to the regional society. In the runoff area there are a total of 85 million people. Research and protection strategies need to be developed, as the Baltic Sea is probably the most polluted sea in the world. Since the Baltic Sea has become an inner sea of the EU (apart from small shore parts of Russia in Petersburg and Kaliningrad), it is anticipated that the importance of the region will consequently rise. The book will arouse interest among students, scientists and decision makers involved with the Baltic problems. It will also give important background information for those working with biogeochemical processes in the Baltic Sea, because the physical forcing for those processes is of vital importance.

Oceanography. --- Marine Science --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Oceanography --- Baltic Sea. --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Baltiĭskoe more --- Baltiskoye more --- Baltiyskoye more --- East Sea (Europe) --- Mare Suevicum --- Ostsee (Europe) --- Earth sciences. --- Geophysics. --- Hydrogeology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Physical geography. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Geography. --- Cosmography --- World history --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Geography --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics