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Recent scientific advances have made it possible to produce biopharmaceuticals in genetically modified plants and animals, such as maize, tobacco, goats, and chickens. This new branch of biotechnology is termed pharming, composed of the terms pharmaceuticals and farming. Pharming constitutes an overlap of red and green biotechnology. It offers the prospect of a quicker, cheaper, and more flexible production of biopharmaceuticals compared with current production processes. This is a promising perspective in light of the rapidly growing market of biopharmaceuticals, although the economic competitiveness of pharming remains to be proven. Besides possible benefits for producers, patients and health care systems, pharming also raises a number of complex ecological, social, moral and legal questions that have as yet not been thoroughly discussed. The present book contains the findings of an interdisciplinary research project that has addressed a large range of questions associated with pharming: An analysis of the state-of-the-art of plant pharming and animal pharming technologies is followed by an assessment of environmental risks related to pharming and welfare risks for pharming animals. Public views and attitudes to pharming are investigated on the basis of a comprehensive survey in 15 countries. Moreover, ethical and legal questions, posed by present and foreseeable future practices of pharming, are analysed. The concluding chapter presents the authors’ main findings and recommendations, addressed to science, industry, politics and general public interested in the chances and risks of this upcoming field of biotechnology.

Animals, Genetically Modified. --- Biopharmaceutics. --- Genetic engineering. --- Pharmaceutical biotechnology. --- Plants, Genetically Modified. --- Recombinant proteins. --- Risk assessment. --- Biopharmaceutics --- Pharmaceutical biotechnology --- Genetic engineering --- Risk Management --- Pharmacology --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Risk --- Genetic Techniques --- Plants --- Proteins --- Animal Population Groups --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Probability --- Eukaryota --- Public Health --- Animals --- Organism Forms --- Investigative Techniques --- Health Occupations --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Organization and Administration --- Statistics as Topic --- Organisms --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Health Services Administration --- Environment and Public Health --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Health Care --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Quality of Health Care --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Plants, Genetically Modified --- Risk Assessment --- Recombinant Proteins --- Genetic Engineering --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Biopharmaceutical technology --- Drugs --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Biotechnology --- Toxicology. --- Biochemical engineering. --- Ethics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Genetic recombination --- Transgenic organisms --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Pharmacy --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Chemical engineering --- Chemicals --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Pharmacology. --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Physiological effect

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National, European and international concepts and strategies concerning the legal and ethical framework of chimera and hybrid research are still largely missing, even though they are absolutely necessary in order to use the potential of chimera and hybrid research effectively and efficiently for the benefit of science and society. The outcome of the CHIMBRIDS-Project successfully sheds light on the chances and risks of this research and provides legal solutions to existing problems in order to help decision-makers fulfil their tasks in an informed and efficient manner. This comprehensive volume details the complete results, contributed by 40 scholars from 10 member states of the European Union, Canada, China, Israel, Japan, Switzerland and the US, with descriptive reports of the legal situation in specific countries and in-depth analysis of all scientific, medical, ethical and legal implications of chimera and hybrid research.

CHIMBRIDS-project. --- Genetic engineering --Research. --- Mosaicism --Research. --- Transgenic animals --Research. --- Mosaicism --- Transgenic animals --- Genetic engineering --- Internationality --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Chimera --- Ethics, Research --- Biomedical Research --- Genetic Engineering --- Research --- Ethics --- Organism Forms --- Plants --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Animal Population Groups --- Genetic Techniques --- Social Sciences --- Humanities --- Investigative Techniques --- Animals --- Science --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Eukaryota --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Organisms --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Health Care --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Genetics --- Sciences - General --- Law, General & Comparative --- Law, Politics & Government --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Chimeras (Botany) --- Transgenic animals. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Chimeras, Plant --- Plant chimaeras --- Plant chimeras --- Research ethics --- Chimeras and Hybrids in Comparative European and International Research (project) --- Law. --- Ethics. --- Transgenic organisms. --- Law --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- International law. --- Comparative law. --- Medical laws and legislation. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law. --- Medical Law. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Transgenics. --- Philosophy. --- Law, Medical --- Medical personnel --- Medical registration and examination --- Medicine --- Physicians --- Surgeons --- Medical policy --- Medical jurisprudence --- Comparative jurisprudence --- Comparative legislation --- Jurisprudence, Comparative --- Law, Comparative --- Legislation, Comparative --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Legal polycentricity --- Jurisprudence --- Genetically engineered organisms --- Genetically modified organisms --- GEOs (Genetically engineered organisms) --- GMOs (Genetically modified organisms) --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- Civil law --- Transgenic organisms --- Animal genetic engineering --- Botany --- Chimerism --- Plant genetics --- Public health laws. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Communicable diseases --- Public health --- Medical laws and legislation --- Law—Philosophy. --- Europäische Union --- Mensch --- Chimäre --- Tiere --- Medizinische Ethik --- Recht. --- Hybride

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An essential introduction to a controversial yet crucial field of research, Biotechnology surveys recent advances in the field and offers a wide range of opinions for and against expanding this new branch of science. Incisively examining such key topics as therapeutic cloning, genetic enhancement, stem cell therapy, and the use of psychotropic drugs such as Prozac and Ritalin, contributors to this volume agree that biotechnology will inevitably change human life. However, they debate the right way to balance the potential to cure disease and relieve human suffering with the need to respect life and preserve human dignity. Several explore the way major religions—both Eastern and Western—treat the subject. Others analyze the role of government in biotechnology and specific applications of the technology that should be practiced. Serving as an introduction to this ethically complicated and significant scientific movement, the book ultimately raises the broader, fundamental question of the meaning of human flourishing.

Biotechnology --- Bioethics. --- Bioethics --- Religion --- Genetic Techniques --- Ethics --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Technology --- Investigative Techniques --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Humanities --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Bioethical Issues --- Religion and Medicine --- Genetic Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Bioengineering --- Engineering, Genetic --- Intervention, Genetic --- Genetic Intervention --- Genetic Interventions --- Interventions, Genetic --- Cloning, Molecular --- DNA, Recombinant --- Industrial Microbiology --- Artificial Gene Fusion --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Plants, Genetically Modified --- Medicine and Religion --- Parish Nursing --- Bioethical Issue --- Issue, Bioethical --- Issues, Bioethical --- Euthanasia --- Human Experimentation --- Patient Rights --- Animal Experimentation --- Biotechnologies --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Arts, Industrial --- Industrial Arts --- Cloud Computing --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Censorship, Research --- Genetic Technic --- Genetic Technics --- Genetic Technique --- Technic, Genetic --- Technics, Genetic --- Technique, Genetic --- Techniques, Genetic --- Genetics --- Genetic Counseling --- Genetic Phenomena --- Prayer --- Religious Beliefs --- Religious Ethics --- Beliefs, Religious --- Ethic, Religious --- Prayers --- Religions --- Religious Belief --- Spiritual Therapies --- Secularism --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Biology --- Biomedical ethics --- Life sciences --- Life sciences ethics --- Science --- Social aspects. --- Religious aspects. --- Social aspects --- Religious aspects --- methods --- Moral and ethical aspects

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In an era increasingly dominated by new technologies there are many calls for regulation to control their application. This text reviews and develops the role of human rights in the regulation of new technologies discussing how rights are affected by technological development, and how they can be used to improve regulation.

Genetic engineering --- Biotechnology --- Human experimentation in medicine --- Human reproductive technology --- Human rights --- Medical ethics --- Bioethics --- Technology --- Therapeutics --- Investigative Techniques --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Social Control, Formal --- Genetic Techniques --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Sociology --- Social Sciences --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Human Rights --- Reproductive Techniques --- Genetic Engineering --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Law and legislation --- Engineering, Genetic --- Intervention, Genetic --- Genetic Intervention --- Genetic Interventions --- Interventions, Genetic --- Cloning, Molecular --- DNA, Recombinant --- Industrial Microbiology --- Artificial Gene Fusion --- Organisms, Genetically Modified --- Animals, Genetically Modified --- Plants, Genetically Modified --- Reproduction Technics --- Reproduction Techniques --- Reproductive Technologies --- Technology, Reproductive --- Reproductive Technology --- Reproduction Technic --- Reproduction Technique --- Reproductive Technique --- Technic, Reproduction --- Technics, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproductive --- Techniques, Reproduction --- Techniques, Reproductive --- Technologies, Reproductive --- Selective Breeding --- Reproductive Medicine --- Reproductive Health Services --- Biotechnologies --- Collective Human Rights --- Equal Rights --- Linguistic Rights --- Right to Housing and Shelter --- Rights of Indigenous Peoples --- Human Rights, Collective --- Indigenous Peoples Rights --- Rights, Collective Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Linguistic --- Social Justice --- Human Rights Abuses --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- General Social Development and Population --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Genetic Technic --- Genetic Technics --- Genetic Technique --- Technic, Genetic --- Technics, Genetic --- Technique, Genetic --- Techniques, Genetic --- Genetics --- Genetic Counseling --- Genetic Phenomena --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Public Policy --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Arts, Industrial --- Industrial Arts --- Cloud Computing --- Biology --- Biomedical ethics --- Life sciences --- Life sciences ethics --- Science --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Medicine --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Medical laws and legislation --- methods --- therapy --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures. --- Occupations --- Human Rights. --- Diagnostic Technics and Procedures --- Technics and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Techniques and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Diagnostic Testing --- Testing, Diagnostic --- Diagnosis --- Sensitivity and Specificity --- Vocations --- Occupation --- Vocation --- Occupational Groups