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This book is a second completely revised edition of An Informal Introduction to Turbulence. The main emphasis is on conceptual and problematic aspects, physical phenomena, observations, misconceptions and unresolved issues rather than on conventional formalistic aspects, models, etc. Apart from the obvious fundamental importance of turbulent flows such an emphasis is a consequence of the view that without corresponding progress in fundamental aspects there is little chance for progress in any applications such as drag reduction, mixing, control and modeling of turbulence. More generally there is a desperate need for physical fundamentals of the technological processes in which turbulence plays a central role. The conceptual issues are made dominant in this second edition. This required to address in more detail those misconceptions which are the consequence of the profound difficulties of the subject and which travel from one publication to another. A new chapter titled Analogies, misconceptions and ill defined concepts was added along with a number of new sections on such topics as ergodicity, Eulerian versus Lagrangian descriptions, on validation of theories, on anomalous scaling and ill posedness of the concept of inertial range, on the Tennekes and Lumlety balance, and mathematics versus turbulence among others. Many of these are to a large extent a consequence of the series of lectures delivered in the Imperial College London in 2007 and 2008 in the frame of Marie Curie Chair in Fundamental and Conceptual Aspects of Turbulent Flows which was held by the author during the period June 1, 2006 – May 31, 2009.

Turbulence. --- Turbulence --- Engineering - General --- Applied Mathematics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Fluid dynamics. --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Engineering. --- Engineering, general. --- Dynamics --- Fluid mechanics --- Fluid dynamics

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The analysis and control of mixing is of great interest because of the potential for optimizing the performance of many flow processes. This monograph presents a unique overview of the physics, mathematics and state-of-the-art theoretical/numerical modeling and experimental investigations of mixing. It approaches the subject of mixing from many angles: presents theoretical and experimental results, discusses laminar and turbulent flows, considers macro and micro scales, elaborates on purely advective and advective-diffusive flows, and considers conceptual and industrial-relevant mixing devices. This monograph provides an essential reading for graduate students and postdoctoral researches interested in the investigation of mixing, and constitutes an indispensable reference for mechanical, chemical and aeronautical engineers, and applied mathematicians in universities and industries.

Laminar flow. --- Mixing. --- Turbulence. --- Mixing --- Laminar flow --- Turbulence --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Civil Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Blending --- Engineering. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Fluid dynamics --- Chemical engineering --- Hydrodynamics --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics

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Hydrodynamic equations well describe averaged parameters of turbulent steady flows, at least in pipes where boundary conditions can be estimated. The equations might outline the parameters fluctuations as well, if entry conditions at current boundaries were known. This raises, in addition, the more comprehensive problem of the primary perturbation nature, noted by H.A. Lorentz, which still remains unsolved. Generally, any flow steadiness should be supported by pressure waves emitted by some external source, e.g. a piston or a receiver. The wave plane front in channels quickly takes convex configuration owing to Rayleigh's law of diffraction divergence. The Schlieren technique and pressure wave registration were employed to investigate the wave interaction with boundary layer, while reflecting from the channel wall. The reflection induces boundary-layer local separation and following pressure rapid increase within the perturbation zone. It propagates as an acoustic wave packet of spherical shape, bearing oscillations of hydrodynamic parameters. Superposition of such packets forms a spatio-temporal field of oscillations fading as 1/r. This implies a mechanism of the turbulence. Vorticity existing in the boundary layer does not penetrate in itself into potential main stream. But the wave leaving the boundary layer carries away some part of fluid along with frozen-in vorticity. The vorticity eddies form another field of oscillations fading as 1/r2. This implies a second mechanism of turbulence. Thereupon the oscillation spatio-temporal field and its randomization development are easy computed. Also, normal burning transition into detonation is explained, and the turbulence inverse problem is set and solved as applied to plasma channels created by laser Besselian beams.

Fluid dynamics. --- Turbulence. --- Turbulence --- Fluid dynamics --- Applied Mathematics --- Applied Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Physics. --- Computers. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Mechanics. --- Acoustics. --- Optics. --- Optoelectronics. --- Plasmons (Physics). --- Engineering. --- Models and Principles. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices. --- Engineering, general. --- Dynamics --- Fluid mechanics --- Computer science. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Informatics --- Science --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Quantum theory --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Relativity (Physics) --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace