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Während Operationen am offenen Herzen unter Hypothermie stehen durch die messtechnische Überwachung nur wenige Informationen zur Verfügung, die keine direkten Rückschlüsse auf die Blutversorgung und die Temperaturen einzelner Organe zulassen. Es werden ein Hämodynamikmodell und ein Modell der Wärmetransportvorgänge im Körper vorgestellt, welche mithilfe der verfügbaren Messwerte detaillierte Informationen über Blutfluss- und -druck sowie die Temperaturfelder im Körper in Echtzeit bereitstellen.

Hypothermie --- Medizintechnik --- Temperaturmodell --- Gehirnperfusion --- Hämodynamik

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This paper applies ideas from mechanism design to model procurement of prescription drugs. We present a mechanism for government-funded market-driven drug procurement that achieves very close to full static efficiency -- all members have access to all but at most a single drug -- without distorting incentives for innovation.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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We argue that the intrinsic inefficiency of proprietary software has historically created a space for alternative institutions that provide software as a public good. We discuss several sources of such inefficiency, focusing on one that has not been described in the literature: the underinvestment due to fear of holdup. An inefficient holdup occurs when a user of software must make complementary investments, when the return on such investments depends on future cooperation of the software vendor, and when contracting about a future relationship with the software vendor is not feasible. We also consider how the nature of the production function of software makes software cheaper to develop when the code is open to the end users. Our framework explains why open source dominates certain sectors of the software industry (e.g., the top ten programming languages all have an open source implementation), while being almost none existent in some other sectors (none of the top ten computer games are open source). We then use our discussion of efficiency to examine the history of institutions for provision of public software from the early collaborative projects of the 1950s to the modern "open source" software institutions. We look at how such institutions have created a sustainable coalition for provision of software as a public good by organizing diverse individual incentives, both altruistic and profit-seeking, providing open source products of tremendous commercial importance, which have come to dominate certain segments of the software industry.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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