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Between 1945 and 1953, while the Soviet Union confronted postwar reconstruction and Cold War crises, its unchallenged leader Joseph Stalin carved out time to study scientific disputes and dictate academic solutions. He spearheaded a discussion of "scientific" Marxist-Leninist philosophy, edited reports on genetics and physiology, adjudicated controversies about modern physics, and wrote essays on linguistics and political economy. Historians have been tempted to dismiss all this as the megalomaniacal ravings of a dying dictator. But in Stalin and the Soviet Science Wars, Ethan Pollock draws on thousands of previously unexplored archival documents to demonstrate that Stalin was in fact determined to show how scientific truth and Party doctrine reinforced one another. Socialism was supposed to be scientific, and science ideologically correct, and Stalin ostensibly embodied the perfect symbiosis between power and knowledge. Focusing on six major postwar debates in the Soviet scientific community, this elegantly written book shows that Stalin's forays into scholarship can be understood only within the context of international tensions, institutional conflicts, and the growing uncertainty about the proper relationship between scientific knowledge and Party-dictated truths. The nature of Stalin's interventions makes clear that more was at stake than high politics: these science wars were about asserting that the Party was rational and modern, and about codifying the Soviet worldview in a battle for the hearts and minds of people around the globe during the early Cold War. Ultimately, however, the effort to develop a scientific basis for Soviet ideology undermined the system's legitimacy.
Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovič --- i nauka wojenna. --- Związek Radziecki --- polityka i rządy --- Academy of Medical Sciences. --- Armenian scholars. --- Bekhterev Institute. --- Biriukov, Dmitrii Andreevich. --- Cold War. --- Cultural Revolution. --- Engels, Friedrich. --- German philosophy. --- Gorbachev, Mikhail. --- Herald of Ancient History. --- Honor Courts. --- House of Scientists. --- Krementsov, Nikolai. --- Machism. --- Michurinism. --- Ministry of Education. --- Orgburo (Party committee). --- Politburo. --- Questions of Linguistics. --- Science Section (Agitprop). --- Soviet Ethnography. --- Suslov, Mikhail. --- Vucinich, Alexander. --- Western influence. --- agriculture. --- anti-Pavlovians. --- anticosmopolitanism. --- biology discussion. --- capitalism. --- centralized planning. --- collective farms. --- cosmopolitanism. --- dogmatism. --- economic laws. --- economists. --- idealism. --- linguistics. --- materialism. --- national identity. --- patriotism, Soviet. --- philosophy of science. --- physics teaching. --- propaganda. --- quantum mechanics. --- scientific discussions. --- short courses. --- transition to communism. --- uncertainty principle. --- university physicists. --- wages under socialism. --- zhdanovshchina.
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An autobiographical account of the armed resistance against the Soviet Union, which took place between 1944–1956. Published in English for the first time in unabridged form, Lukša's memoir remains one of the few reliable eye-witness accounts of the "Invisible Front", as dubbed by Soviet security forces. At its zenith 28,000 guerilla fighters participated in battles and skirmishes throughout Lithuania, Lukša (partisan codename Daumantas) being one of the leaders. Forest Brothers also documents the role of women in the resistance, giving equal credit to these often silent partners. In 1948 Lukša and two comrades broke through the Iron Curtain on the Polish border. He sought training from the French intelligence and from the CIA. Lukša was flown back into the Soviet Union under the radar on the night of October 4, 1950. He managed to survive and operate eleven months until his near capture and death on the night of September 5, 1951. His account, written during 1948–1950, while he was living in hiding in Paris, describes in vivid scenes and dialogue the daily struggles of the resistance.
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