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Slums --- Human settlements --- Infrastructure (Economics)

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This multimedia sourcebook on CD-ROM synthesizes an extensive body of knowledge and experience in managing urban slums accumulated over the last 30 years. The key lessons learned and their implications for future work serve as a useful tool for capacity building and knowledge sharing for policy makers, practitioners, planning institutions, community groups, NGOs, and university students. Approaches to Urban Slums include 14 audiovisual presentations (photographs, illustrations, maps, graphic animations, and aerial imagery, along with voice-over narration) and 18 video interviews.

Sociology of environment --- Social policy --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- Economic geography --- Slums --- Urban poor --- #SBIB:327.4H62 --- City dwellers --- Poor --- Slum clearance --- Housing --- Derde wereld: rurale, stedelijke ontwikkeling

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This paper seeks to shed some light on the extent to which infrastructure sub-sectors - energy, telecommunications, water supply, sanitation, and transport - contributed to growth in East Asia during 1985-2004. It also attempts to provide additional insights on whether the relationship between infrastructure and growth depends on five additional variables: the degree of private participation in infrastructure, the quality of governance, the extent of rural-urban inequality in access to infrastructure services, country income levels, as well as geography. The findings show that greater stocks of infrastructure were indeed associated with higher growth. However, a more nuanced look at the sensitivity of infrastructure impacts on the five additional variables yields different results, with some sectors supporting conventional expectations and others yielding mixed or counter-intuitive results. In particular, the telecom and sanitation sectors yield statistically significant results supporting the a priori hypotheses; electricity and water infrastructure provide mixed results; and road infrastructure consistently contradicts a priori expectations. The results are consistent with the widely-accepted idea in policy research that infrastructure plays an important role in promoting growth, as well as with the viewpoint that certain countries' endowments influence the growth-related impacts of infrastructure.

Banks and Banking Reform --- Communities & Human Settlements --- Externalities --- Finance infrastructure --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Infrastructure development --- Road --- Road infrastructure --- Roads --- Sanitation --- Tax --- Transparency --- Transport --- Transport Economics, Policy and Planning --- Urban Development --- Urban Services to the Poor --- Urban Slums Upgrading

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Economic development is affected by infrastructure services in both volume and quality terms. However, the quality of infrastructure is relatively difficult to measure and assess. The current paper, using firm-level data collected by a business environment assessment survey in 26 countries in Europe and Central Asia, estimates the marginal impacts on firm costs of infrastructure quality. The results suggest that the reliability or continuity of services is important for business performance. Firm costs significantly increase when electricity outages occur more frequently and the average outage duration becomes longer. Similarly, increased hours of water supply suspensions also reduce firms' competitiveness. In these countries, it is found that the total benefit for the economy from eliminating the existing electricity outages ranges from 0.5 to 6 percent of gross domestic product. If all water suspensions are removed, the economy could receive a gain of about 0.5 to 2 percent of gross domestic product. By contrast, the quality of telecommunications services seems to have no significant impact.

Communities & Human Settlements --- Driving --- Elasticity --- Infrastructure development --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure investment --- Private Participation in Infrastructure --- Private Sector Development --- Road --- Road quality --- Road sector --- Roads --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Transport --- Transport Economics, Policy and Planning --- Transportation --- Transportation costs --- Urban Slums Upgrading --- Water Supply and Sanitation

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Quartiers "illégaux", "informels", "irréguliers" : les études sur l'urbanisme proche-oriental s'intéressent de plus en plus à ces lieux de la ville où l'habitat contrevient aux règles de la construction et de l'urbanisme. Ces désignations recouvrent en réalité une grande diversité dans les histoires et les enjeux socio-politiques présidant au développement de ces quartiers. Ce livre en étudie un exemple particulièrement révélateur. La banlieue sud-ouest de Beyrouth concentre la grande majorité des quartiers irréguliers du Liban : ceux-ci participent de la stigmatisation sociale de cette périphérie de la capitale, et les grands projets de reconstruction de l'après-guerre ont par ailleurs fait de l'irrégularité urbaine une question d'actualité. Les occupations de terrains pendant la guerre ou encore les extensions des camps de réfugiés sont liées à l'histoire récente du Liban. Mais en se plongeant dans l'histoire foncière des parcelles irrégulièrement construites et occupées, ce livre révèle que leur sort a également été marqué par des ambiguïtés juridiques remontant à l'époque ottomane ou au Mandat français. Cette profondeur historique remet en perspective le phénomène de l'irrégularité foncière. S'ajoutent des histoires particulières, celles de propriétaires plus ou moins bien placés pour protéger leur bien, qui montrent que les stratégies individuelles ou collectives sont souvent un facteur important pour expliquer la localisation et l'ampleur des irrégularités. Plan, réglementation, loi et norme sont des outils majeurs de l'urbanisme. lorsqu'il organise la ville. Aussi l'irrégularité, qu'elle soit définie en termes juridiques (illégalité) ou formels (désordre visible dans l'espace), fonctionne-t-elle comme un remarquable révélateur des tensions qui traversent l'aménagement urbain. Entretiens, enquêtes de terrain, travail sur des archives cartographiques et juridiques ou encore étude du cadastre mettent ici au jour les raisons qui rendent certains lieux...

Slums --- Sociology, Urban --- Beirut (Lebanon) --- Social conditions. --- Urban sociology --- Cities and towns --- Slum clearance --- Housing --- Beirut --- Beyrout (Lebanon) --- Beyrouth (Lebanon) --- Bejrut (Lebanon) --- Bayrūt (Lebanon) --- Vērytos (Lebanon) --- Baladīyat Bayrūt (Lebanon) --- بيروت (Lebanon) --- Βηρυττός (Lebanon) --- Vēryttos (Lebanon) --- Berytus (Lebanon) --- ביירות (Lebanon) --- Bairut (Lebanon) --- Beyrut (Lebanon) --- Berut (Lebanon) --- Beiroet (Lebanon) --- Beirots (Lebanon) --- Горад Бейрут (Lebanon) --- Horad Beĭrut (Lebanon) --- Бейрут (Lebanon) --- Beirout (Lebanon) --- Βηρυτός (Lebanon) --- Bejruto (Lebanon) --- Béiriút (Lebanon) --- 베이루트 (Lebanon) --- Beirutʻŭ (Lebanon) --- Bewout (Lebanon) --- Beirūta (Lebanon) --- Beirutas (Lebanon) --- Бејрут (Lebanon) --- Бейрут ошсь (Lebanon) --- Beĭrut oshsʹ (Lebanon) --- ベイルート (Lebanon) --- Beirūto (Lebanon) --- Beirot (Lebanon) --- Beirute (Lebanon) --- 贝鲁特 (Lebanon) --- Beilute (Lebanon) --- urbanisme --- foncier --- propriété immobilière --- habitat illégal --- banlieue