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1. 1 Philosophy and Aims of this Book 1. 1. 1 The Large Solanales Families as a Topic Solanales are from the Mid-Cretaceous (stem node age: 106 my; crown node age: 100 my) (Bremer et al. 2004). Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae are sisters represe- ing the two large families of this order. Their last common ancestor lived about 70 my ago (Durbin et al. 2000). The main objective of the author is to focus on aspects of our extensive knowledge of secondary metabolites in the plant kingdom in order to account for the specific competitiveness and productivity of these two large Solanales families. To this end, it has been necessary to take a bird’s-eye view of 200 years of phytochemical research on the Solanales, since first scientific reports with regard to both families were published in the early nineteenth century. Due to an almost complete lack of phytochemical reports (one single exception) on species of the three remaining, very small families of the order (see Chap. 2), they have not been considered. 1. 1. 2 General Role of the Secondary Metabolism for a Specific Characterization and Classification of Plant Taxa While traditional systematics generally focused on morphologic-anatomical char- ters of plants, in some cases chemotaxonomic aspects with regard to low molecular secondary metabolites were also considered. However, plant biochemistry and chemotaxonomy normally played a minor role in classification.

Solanaceae --- Convolvulaceae --- Plant metabolites --- Plant bioactive compounds. --- Plant products --- Tubiflorae. --- Synthesis. --- Polemoniales --- Solanales --- Dicotyledons --- Bioactive compounds --- Biosynthesis --- Metabolites --- Morning glory family (Plants) --- Tubiflorae --- Nightshade family (Plants) --- Botany. --- Biochemistry. --- Toxicology. --- Pharmacy. --- Agriculture. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Chemistry --- Medicine --- Drugs --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Chemicals --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Toxicology --- Composition --- Plant science. --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Pharmacology. --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Botany --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Physiological effect --- Floristic botany