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Kinship. --- Parenté

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"At some point in the course of evolution—from a primeval social organization of early hominids—all human societies, past and present, would emerge. In this account of the dawn of human society, Bernard Chapais shows that our knowledge about kinship and society in nonhuman primates supports, and informs, ideas first put forward by the distinguished social anthropologist, Claude Lévi-Strauss. Chapais contends that only a few evolutionary steps were required to bridge the gap between the kinship structures of our closest relatives—chimpanzees and bonobos—and the human kinship configuration. The pivotal event, the author proposes, was the evolution of sexual alliances. Pair-bonding transformed a social organization loosely based on kinship into one exhibiting the strong hold of kinship and affinity. The implication is that the gap between chimpanzee societies and pre-linguistic hominid societies is narrower than we might think. Many books on kinship have been written by social anthropologists, but Primeval Kinship is the first book dedicated to the evolutionary origins of human kinship. And perhaps equally important, it is the first book to suggest that the study of kinship and social organization can provide a link between social and biological anthropology."

Human evolution. --- Kinship.

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Dans l'histoire des sciences sociales reviennent, périodiquement et sous diverses formes, deux questions fondamentales : la nature exacte de l'objet des sciences humaines et sociales et la possibilité de penser une théorie générale. A partir d'une étude comparative des quatre systèmes de représentation de la reproduction humaine, dans la lignée de ses travaux sur les Na de Chine, l'auteur tente ici de formaliser un système de la parenté qui clarifie les notions de "culture", d'"ethnie" et de "société" et qui distingue les caractéristiques de l'objet des sciences naturelles d'un côté, de celles de l'objet des sciences sociales de l'autre. En repensant ainsi l'approche anthropologique selon la triple et très nette distinction du biologique, du culturel et du social, Hua Cai montre que la parenté est culturelle et sociale et avance de nouvelles propositions épistémologiques qui remettent en question un certain rationalisme occidental et seraient utiles aux autres sciences humaines et sociales.

Kinship. --- Anthropology. --- Social sciences --- Philosophy.

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Kinship care --- Child welfare --- Adoption

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Sociology --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- tribes [kinship groups] --- sociology --- culture [concept]