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History --- geschiedenis --- Koerden --- Kazakhstan

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USR former USSR --- flora --- former USSR --- Kazakhstan --- field guides

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FUN Fungi & Lichenes --- USSR --- Kazakhstan --- phytopathology --- lignicolous fungi --- mycorrhizal fungi --- trees --- shrubs

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The Republic of Kazakhstan’s 2008 Article IV Consultation shows that banks have lost access to new external financing, credit extension has stalled, and growth has slowed. Nevertheless, Kazakhstan has considerable public financial resources to help it weather the current situation and the country is benefiting from high oil and commodity prices. A realistic assessment of the health of banks needs to be made and steps taken to mitigate risks, including by bolstering capital bases, strengthening bank supervision, and further developing the financial safety net framework.

International Monetary Fund -- Kazakhstan. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Kazakhstan -- Economic conditions. --- Kazakhstan -- Economic policy. --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Inflation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Banking --- International economics --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Macroeconomics --- External debt --- Loans --- Exchange rates --- Credit --- Financial institutions --- Foreign assets --- External position --- Money --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Investments, Foreign --- Kazakhstan, Republic of

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Offering a fresh archaeological interpretation, this work reconceptualizes the Bronze Age prehistory of the vast Eurasian steppe during one of the most formative and innovative periods of human history. Michael D. Frachetti combines an analysis of newly documented archaeological sites in the Koksu River valley of eastern Kazakhstan with detailed paleoecological and ethnohistorical data to illustrate patterns in land use, settlement, burial, and rock art. His investigation illuminates the practical effect of nomadic strategies on the broader geography of social interaction and suggests a new model of local and regional interconnection in the third and second millennia B.C.E. Frachetti further argues that these early nomadic communities played a pivotal role in shaping enduring networks of exchange across Eurasia.

Bronze age --- Pastoral systems, Prehistoric --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Eurasia --- Antiquities. --- ancient near east. --- archaeologists. --- archaeology. --- before common era. --- bronze age art. --- bronze age. --- burial. --- cave paintings. --- early humans. --- ethnohistorical data. --- eurasia. --- eurasian steppe. --- formative periods. --- human history. --- human settlements. --- innovations. --- kazakhstan. --- koksu river valley. --- land use. --- landscapes. --- networks. --- nomadic communities. --- nomads. --- paleoecological data. --- prehistory. --- regional connections. --- rock art. --- social interaction. --- trade routes. --- world art.