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Frequency stability --- Fluctuations (Physics) --- Analysis of variance.

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Particle Physics and High Energy Physics have stagnated since the early 1970's. Now, the underlying principle of reductionism - so sacred to twentieth-century physics - is itself being questioned. This book examines these tumultuous developments that are leading to a paradigm shift and a new horizon for Physics. Presenting the new paradigm in fuzzy spacetime, this book is based on some 100 papers published in peer-reviewed journals including Foundations of Physics, Nuovo Cimento and The International Journal of Modern Physics (A&E), as well as two recently published books, The Chaotic Universe...

Thermodynamics. --- Fluctuations (Physics) --- Variations (Physics) --- Stochastic processes --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory

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The economies of Central America share a close relationship with the United States, with considerable comovement of GDP growth over a long period of time. Trade, the financial sector, and remittance flows are all potential channels through which the U.S. cycle could affect the region. But just how dependent is growth in the region on the U.S.? Using the common cycles method of Vahid and Engle (1993), this paper suggests that the business cycle is dominated by the U.S.; region-specific growth drivers tend to be long-lasting shocks, rather than temporary fluctuations. The most cyclically sensitive countries include Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Honduras.

Business cycles --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Econometric models. --- Central America --- Mercado Común Centroamericano countries --- Foreign economic relations --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Financial Services --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Trade: General --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Remittances --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Economic growth --- International economics --- Banking --- Exports --- Financial sector --- Foreign banks --- Financial services industry --- International finance --- Banks and banking, Foreign --- United States

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This paper examines the relative importance of external shocks as sources of business cycle fluctuations in Mexico, and identifies the dynamic responses of domestic output to foreign disturbances. Using a VAR model with block exogeneity restrictions, it finds that U.S. shocks explain a large share of Mexico's macroeconomic fluctuations after NAFTA. This partly reflects greater trade integration-but also Mexico's "Great Moderation," as the country escaped its former pattern of macro-financial crises. In this period, Mexico's output fluctuations have been closely synchronized with the U.S. cycle, with a large and rapid impact of U.S. shocks on Mexican growth.

Business cycles --- Econometric models. --- Mexico --- Foreign economic relations --- Economic conditions --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Meksiko --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- Meksyk --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Meḳsiḳe --- Mexique (Country) --- Messico --- Méjico --- República Mexicana --- United States of Mexico --- United Mexican States --- Anáhuac --- メキシコ --- Mekishiko --- מקסיקו --- Cycles --- Maxico --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: General --- Trade: General --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- International economics --- Economic growth --- Industrial production --- Exports --- Imports --- Oil prices --- Industries --- United States

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Stochastic processes --- Finance --- Brownian motion processes --- Finances --- Mouvement brownien, Processus de --- Mathematical models --- Modèles mathématiques --- 519.2 --- 530.162 --- Probability. Mathematical statistics --- Principle of disordered phenomena. Brownian movement. Reversibility. Indeterminacy principle --- Brownian motion processes. --- Mathematical models. --- 530.162 Principle of disordered phenomena. Brownian movement. Reversibility. Indeterminacy principle --- 519.2 Probability. Mathematical statistics --- Modèles mathématiques --- Wiener processes --- Brownian movements --- Fluctuations (Physics) --- Markov processes