Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book was written with the purpose of providing a sound basis for the design of enzymatic reactions based on kinetic principles, but also to give an updated vision of the potentials and limitations of biocatalysis, especially with respect to recent app- cations in processes of organic synthesis. The ?rst ?ve chapters are structured in the form of a textbook, going from the basic principles of enzyme structure and fu- tion to reactor design for homogeneous systems with soluble enzymes and hete- geneous systems with immobilized enzymes. The last chapter of the book is divided into six sections that represent illustrative case studies of biocatalytic processes of industrial relevance or potential, written by experts in the respective ?elds. We sincerely hope that this book will represent an element in the toolbox of gr- uate students in applied biology and chemical and biochemical engineering and also of undergraduate students with formal training in organic chemistry, biochemistry, thermodynamics and chemical reaction kinetics. Beyond that, the book pretends also to illustrate the potential of biocatalytic processes with case studies in the ?eld of organic synthesis, which we hope will be of interest for the academia and prof- sionals involved in R&D&I. If some of our young readers are encouraged to engage or persevere in their work in biocatalysis this will certainly be our more precious reward.

Enzymes --- Biotechnology. --- Synthesis. --- Enzyme synthesis --- Biochemical engineering. --- Catalysis. --- Microbiology. --- Chemical engineering. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Biotechnology

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Environmental and political concerns are generating a growing interest in alternative engine fuels such as biodiesel. Biodiesel is a renewable energy source produced from natural oils and fats, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum diesel without the need for diesel engine modification. In addition to being biodegradable and non-toxic, biodiesel is also essentially free of sulfur and aromatics, producing lower exhaust emissions than conventional gasoline whilst providing similar properties in terms of fuel efficiency. The greatest drawback of using pure vegetable oils as fuels are their high viscosity, although this can be reduced by techniques such as dilution, micro-emulsification, pyrolysis or transesterification. Of these processes, the transesterification of vegetable oil triglycerides in supercritical methanol has been shown to be particularly promising, producing high yields of low-viscosity methyl esters without the need of a catalyst. Furthermore, these methyl esters have a considerably lower flash point than that of pure vegetable oils. Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines describes the production and characterisation of biodiesel, along with current experimental research work in the field. The book will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in renewable energy, as well as to fuel engineers.

Biodiesel fuels. --- Diesel motor --- Alternative. --- Compression ignition engines --- Diesel engine --- Oil engines --- Internal combustion engines --- Motors --- Alternative fuels --- Biochemical engineering. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Biotechnology. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Biotechnology --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Renewable energy resources. --- Environmental engineering. --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Diesel fuels --- Technology & engineering --- Biodiesel fuels

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

On the level of a textbook a self-consistent approach to liquid separations with membranes is presented, contrasting equilibrium separations with the rate-controlling effects of barrier interference on mass transfer. As a corollary objective, an effort is made to observe context, factual and historical, when introducing concepts and applications of membrane separation science. Ordering principle is the formal structure of mass transfer across barriers, being construed of a driving force (allocated to the condition of the mixtures to be separated) and a barrier permeability (holding the keys to membrane selectivity). The membranes, by this approach, appear by way of the mass transport demands which they are to meet, or else by way of the separation effects which they inspire. Learning by principles and context – exploiting barrier interference is the challenge of membrane separation science and technology. This book is about the principles behind.

Membrane separation. --- Filtration, Membrane --- Membrane filtration --- Separation, Membrane --- Separation (Technology) --- Chemical engineering. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Biotechnology. --- Biochemical engineering. --- Environmental pollution. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Biotechnology --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Environmental aspects --- Physical chemistry. --- Water pollution. --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry