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ZnO is a promising material for short wave-length opto-electronic devices such as UV lasers and LEDs due to its large exciton binding energy and low material cost. ZnO can be doped easily n-type, but the realization of stable p-type ZnO is rather difficult. Using first-principles band structure methods the authors address what causes the p-type doping difficulty in ZnO and how to overcome the p-type doping difficulty in ZnO.

Semiconductor doping. --- Doped semiconductors. --- Crystals --- Defects.

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ZnO is a promising material for short wave-length opto-electronic devices such as UV lasers and LEDs due to its large exciton binding energy and low material cost. ZnO can be doped easily n-type, but the realization of stable p-type ZnO is rather difficult. Using first-principles band structure methods the authors address what causes the p-type doping difficulty in ZnO and how to overcome the p-type doping difficulty in ZnO.

Semiconductor doping. --- Doped semiconductors. --- Crystals --- Defects.

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This tenth volume in the series covering the latest results in the field includes abstracts of papers which appeared between the publication of Annual Retrospective IX (Volume 265) and the end of May 2008 (journal availability permitting). As well as the 452 metals abstracts, the issue includes - in line with the new editorial policy of including original papers on all of the major material groups: ""Defect Investigation of Plastically Deformed Al 5454 Wrought Alloy Using PADBS and Electrical Measurements"" (Abdel-Rahman, Kamel, Lotfy, Badawi and Abdel-Rahman), ""Activation Enthalpy of Disloca

Metals --- Diffusion. --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Defects. --- Diffusion --- Properties

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This book is an introduction to the multidisciplinary field of anomalous diffusion in complex systems, with emphasis on the scaling approach as opposed to techniques based on the quantitative analysis of underlying transport equations. Typical examples of such systems are turbulent plasmas, convective rolls, zonal flow systems and stochastic magnetic fields. From the more methodological point of view, the approach relies on the general use of correlations estimates, quasilinear equations and continuous time random walk techniques. Yet, the mathematical descriptions are not meant to become a fixed set of recipes but rather develop and strengthen the reader's physical intuition and understanding on the underlying mechanisms involved. Most of the material stems from class-tested lectures, where graduate students where assumed to have a working knowledge of classical physics, fluid dynamics and plasma physics but otherwise no prior knowledge of the subject matter is assumed from the side of the reader.

Turbulence. --- Diffusion. --- Scaling laws (Statistical physics) --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Ratio and proportion (Statistical physics) --- Scale invariance (Statistical physics) --- Scaling hypothesis (Statistical physics) --- Scaling phenomena (Statistical physics) --- Physical laws --- Ranking and selection (Statistics) --- Statistical physics --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Fluid dynamics --- Diffusion --- Properties --- Physical geography. --- Statistical physics. --- Classical and Continuum Physics. --- Complex Systems. --- Atoms and Molecules in Strong Fields, Laser Matter Interaction. --- Plasma Physics. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Mathematical statistics --- Geography --- Statistical methods --- Continuum physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Atoms. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Stereochemistry --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Classical field theory --- Continuum physics --- Continuum mechanics --- Constitution